[ { "slug": "2026-an-analysis-of-the-influence-of", "title": "An Analysis of the Influence of Flap Margin Space on Corneal Nerve Regeneration After Femtosecond Laser–Assisted LASIK", "authors": [ { "name": "Chen Zhang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Zijie Fang", "orcid": "0009-0008-4369-2293" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Fei Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Shaozhen Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0001-7646-2699" } ], "year": 2026, "date": "2026-03-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Journal of Refractive Surgery", "doi": "10.3928/1081597x-20251217-01", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of corneal flap margin space width after femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) on corneal nerve regeneration using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). METHODS: This study assessed 46 consecutive patients who underwent FS-LASIK surgery. Routine examinations after myopic laser surgery were performed. IVCM was performed before and after surgery to observe the flap margin space and regeneration of the corneal subbasal nerve. The average of corneal flap margin space was calculated. Patients were divided into two groups: the wide-space group (> 20 µm) and the narrow-space group (⩽ 20 µm). Central and peripheral (average of 3-, 6-, and 9-o'clock positions) corneal sensitivity was tested by the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer and corneal subbasal nerve regeneration was quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS: Postoperatively at days 1 to 90, the incision edge of the narrow-space group showed a high-density linear structure without obvious epithelial cells filling in the space, and the corneal nerve gradually grew from the outside of the flap through the incision edge to the inside of the flap. In the wide-space group, obvious epithelial cells filling in the space were observed from 1 day postoperatively, and the corneal nerve grew less from the outside of the flap through the incision edge to the inside of the flap. There was no significant intergroup difference in the central corneal nerve fiber length. However, the peripheral corneal nerve fiber length in the narrow-space group was significantly higher at both 30 and 90 days postoperatively. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups in central and peripheral corneal sensitivity. There was no significant difference in spherical equivalent between groups at each time point. CONCLUSIONS: Although the postoperative flap margin space significantly affects corneal nerve regeneration, it does not influence corneal sensitivity or the refractive outcome after FS-LASIK.", "keywords": [ "femtosecond LASIK", "corneal nerve regeneration", "corneal sensitivity", "myopic refractive surgery", "epithelial ingrowth", "refractive outcomes", "in vivo confocal microscopy" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7134134051", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-an-analysis-of-the-influence-of/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597x-20251217-01" }, { "slug": "2026-association-between-mean-ocular-perfusion-pressure", "title": "Association between mean ocular perfusion pressure and proliferative diabetic retinopathy in a northern Chinese population", "authors": [ { "name": "F Gao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "H Bo", "orcid": null }, { "name": "EE Pazo", "orcid": null }, { "name": "H Liying", "orcid": null }, { "name": "C Chen", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Y Shi", "orcid": null }, { "name": "X Zhu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "X Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "J Liu", "orcid": null } ], "year": 2026, "date": null, "type": null, "venue": "Frontiers in Endocrinology", "doi": null, "abstract": "", "keywords": [], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": null, "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "scholar" ], "openalex_id": null, "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-association-between-mean-ocular-perfusion-pressure/", "doi_url": null }, { "slug": "2026-automated-deep-learning-based-retinoschisis-and", "title": "Automated deep learning-based retinoschisis and detachment volume measurement in pathological myopia with posterior scleral contraction", "authors": [ { "name": "Mengdi Chai", "orcid": "0009-0000-5352-5554" }, { "name": "Hua Rong", "orcid": "0000-0002-4189-0893" }, { "name": "Danyang Yu", "orcid": "0009-0009-5581-0864" }, { "name": "Xiu Wang", "orcid": "0000-0002-0438-0501" }, { "name": "Di Wu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Jiachen Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-9546-9159" }, { "name": "Ying Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-1312-0146" }, { "name": "Yifan Zhou", "orcid": "0000-0002-3768-9353" }, { "name": "Y Y Chen", "orcid": "0000-0001-6993-8353" }, { "name": "Anquan Xue", "orcid": "0000-0002-4084-6225" }, { "name": "Ruihua Wei", "orcid": "0000-0002-9708-0355" } ], "year": 2026, "date": "2026-06-30", "type": "article", "venue": "British Journal of Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1136/bjo-2025-328592", "abstract": "Purpose This study developed an automated deep learning-based system to quantify retinoschisis and detachment volume (RDV) in pathological myopia (PM) patients undergoing posterior scleral contraction (PSC). Methods A prospective study included 51 PM patients (36 PSC-treated and 15 controls). Based on the myopic traction maculopathy staging system classification, PSC-treated patients were divided into retinoschisis (RS, Stage 2, n=21) and retinal detachment (RD, Stages 3–4, n=15), while controls were classified as Stage 1 (n=15). Swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography imaging was used to acquire retinal data, and a Mask R-CNN model was trained to segment and calculate RDV. The primary outcome measures were regional macular recovery rate, defined as the percentage reduction in RDV at 12 months postoperatively. Clinical parameters such as axial length (AL) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were analysed. Result The model achieved an Intersection over Union of 80.9%. RDV increased with more advanced stages of myopic traction maculopathy (MTM). As MTM stage advanced, RDV distribution shifted from predominantly parafoveal/perifoveal involvement to foveal involvement. Macular RDV increased progressively with MTM stage (control: 0.94 mm 3 , RS: 5.24 mm 3 , RD: 9.50 mm 3 ; p<0.001). Postoperative AL decreased significantly and BCVA improved significantly (all p<0.001). Postoperative RDV decreased significantly, achieving macular and foveal recovery rates as 80.90% and 99.50%, respectively. AL reduction demonstrated the strongest correlation with foveal RDV changes (r=0.479, p=0.003). Conclusion The Mask R-CNN-based RDV measurement provides a sensitive 3D biomarker for assessing PSC efficacy and monitoring MTM progression. The system offers objective, high-precision quantification of retinal structural changes, addressing limitations of manual OCT analysis. Trial registration number ChiCTR2200065561.", "keywords": [ "retinoschisis", "pathologic myopia", "myopic traction maculopathy", "Mask R-CNN", "retinal segmentation", "automated volume measurement", "axial length", "foveal involvement" ], "themes": [ "retina", "myopia", "ai-imaging" ], "open_access_url": "https://bjo.bmj.com/content/bjophthalmol/early/2026/06/30/bjo-2025-328592.full.pdf", "oa_status": "bronze", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7166837383", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-automated-deep-learning-based-retinoschisis-and/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-328592" }, { "slug": "2026-automatic-measurement-and-evaluation-of-anterior", "title": "Automatic measurement and evaluation of anterior segment anatomical structures via UBM images using a deep learning-based approach", "authors": [ { "name": "S Chen", "orcid": null }, { "name": "X Chu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "EE Pazo", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Y Huang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "H Liu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "C Zhang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "R Yang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "S Zhao", "orcid": null } ], "year": 2026, "date": null, "type": null, "venue": "Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1007/s00417-025-07070-7", "abstract": "Purpose To develop a deep-learning model capable of measuring essential anterior segment (AS) parameters derived from preoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images of candidates for implantable collamer lens (ICL) surgery. Setting Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China. Design Cross-sectional retrospective study. Methods A dataset comprising 1,480 preoperative panoramic UBM images taken from 638 eyes of 320 subjects was collected and was divided into training and testing subsets at a proportion of 7:3. Using the YOLOv8-pose algorithm, the model identified ten anatomical key point coordinates and computed six relevant AS parameters. Both manual and anterior segment optical coherence tomography-based non-contact measurements served as reference standards for evaluating the model's accuracy. The relationship between postoperative vault and preoperative parameters measured by the model was analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results On the test dataset, the model achieved an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) exceeding 0.978, with a mean Euclidean distance of 67.65 ± 54.25 μm across all point locations. The ICC values for anterior chamber depth (ACD), pupil diameter, and sulcus-to-sulcus distance were above 0.980 (95% CI: 0.975 to 0.985), with average relative error below 1.7%. Additionally, postoperative vault at one month was significantly correlated with model-measured parameters, including crystalline lens rise, iris concavity, and ACD (P Conclusion This study introduces a robust program capable of quantitatively measuring AS parameters with accuracy comparable to that of experienced ophthalmologists. The findings provide valuable guidance for ICL sizing and vault prediction.", "keywords": [], "themes": [ "ai-imaging" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": null, "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "scholar" ], "openalex_id": null, "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-automatic-measurement-and-evaluation-of-anterior/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-025-07070-7" }, { "slug": "2026-comparison-between-the-effect-of-intense", "title": "Comparison between the Effect of Intense Pulsed Light and Lid Hygiene on the Tear Film and Ocular Surface: A Randomized Controlled Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Shekhar Jha", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Qiwei Li", "orcid": "0009-0005-4688-2402" }, { "name": "Yan Jin", "orcid": "0009-0004-7042-3161" }, { "name": "Zheng Yang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Hui Liu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Shaozhen Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0001-7646-2699" }, { "name": "Yue Huang", "orcid": "0000-0001-6667-3361" } ], "year": 2026, "date": "2026-03-18", "type": "article", "venue": "Photobiomodulation Photomedicine and Laser Surgery", "doi": "10.1177/25785478261428958", "abstract": "Purpose: Demodex folliculorum infestation is an important contributor to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and chronic ocular surface disease. This study evaluated and compared the therapeutic efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) and eyelid hygiene (ELH) for Demodex-associated MGD. Methods: In this prospective, randomized comparative trial, 50 patients (100 eyes) with Demodex-associated MGD were allocated to two arms. Group A ( n = 25) received three Eyesis IPL sessions at baseline, week 2, and week 4. Group B ( n = 25) performed daily eyelid hygiene with OCuSOFT Lid Scrub for 6 weeks. Ocular surface parameters, including ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear film lipid layer thickness (TFLL), noninvasive tear film break-up time (NITBUT), meibomian gland dropout, meibum quality and expressibility, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), Schirmer’s I, and Demodex count, were assessed from baseline to week 6. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded at each visit. Results: Both treatments significantly improved OSDI, NITBUT, TFLL, Schirmer’s I, and CFS over 6 weeks (all p < 0.001). Compared with ELH, IPL achieved larger and earlier reductions in symptoms, greater increases in TFLL, and superior improvements in meibum quality and expressibility from week 4 onward (between-group p ≤ 0.021). Demodex counts decreased significantly in both groups with no between-group difference at week 6. BCVA, IOP, and adverse events remained stable, indicating a favorable short-term safety profile. Conclusion: IPL and ELH are effective for Demodex-related MGD, but IPL provides faster and more pronounced improvements in meibomian gland function, tear film stability, and patient-reported symptoms over 6 weeks.", "keywords": [ "intense pulsed light", "eyelid hygiene", "Demodex folliculorum", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "ocular surface disease", "tear film lipid layer thickness", "meibum quality", "meibomian gland dropout" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7139056613", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-comparison-between-the-effect-of-intense/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/25785478261428958" }, { "slug": "2026-development-of-a-predictive-model-based", "title": "Development of a predictive model based on aqueous cytokines data for response to anti-VEGF therapy in diabetic macular edema", "authors": [ { "name": "Fuhua Yang", "orcid": "0000-0002-4866-3036" }, { "name": "Yi Gong", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Xiaoying Pan", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Jinzhi Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0002-0487-5950" }, { "name": "Rongguo Yu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Liangzhang Tan", "orcid": "0000-0001-8211-8640" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xiaomin Zhang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Xiaorong Li", "orcid": "0000-0003-0641-2797" } ], "year": 2026, "date": "2026-03-13", "type": "article", "venue": "Eye and Vision", "doi": "10.1186/s40662-026-00479-z", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents improve visual acuity in diabetic macular edema (DME). However, resistance, non-response, or recurrence occurs in many patients. Predictive biomarkers for anti-VEGF response are lacking. We aim to identify cytokine markers predictive of anti-VEGF response and elucidate cytokines involved in poor-response DME pathogenesis. METHODS: A luminex assay was carried out to measure the concentration of cytokines in the aqueous humor. A predictive model based on baseline cytokines was constructed in a discovery set that comprised 46 responders and 20 non-responders. In addition, an analysis of baseline cytokines of 15 responders and 12 non-responders was conducted as a validation set. The performance of the nomogram was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test. RESULTS: Baseline concentrations of angiogenesis-related cytokines VEGF (P < 0.0001), placenta growth factor (PIGF) (P < 0.0001), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) (P < 0.0001), inflammatory factor interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.0001), IL-8 (P < 0.0001), chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (P < 0.0001), and adhesion factor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (P < 0.001) were significantly increased compared to controls. The prediction nomogram model included five baseline cytokines: VEGF, IL-6, Ang-2, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 were constructed. The AUC for the discovery set was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.74-0.96) and for the internal validation was 0.84, indicating that the prediction model has good predictive accuracy. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test showed good model calibration (P = 0.295). The levels of Ang-2 (P = 0.0042), IL-6 (P < 0.0001), IL-8 (P < 0.0001), MCP-1 (P < 0.0001), and PIGF (P < 0.0001) were still significantly increased at the 6-month timepoint after multiple injections of anti-VEGF drugs for non-response group patients. CONCLUSION: The baseline cytokine-based model helped to assess the individual probability of response to anti-VEGF therapy. There are cytokines beyond VEGF that are involved in the pathogenesis of DME, therapeutic regimens targeting these cytokines may improve the visual acuity and reduce macular edema.", "keywords": [ "diabetic macular edema", "anti-VEGF therapy", "aqueous humor cytokines", "predictive biomarkers", "treatment response prediction", "angiogenesis", "angiopoietin-2", "interleukin-6" ], "themes": [ "retina", "ai-imaging" ], "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40662-026-00479-z.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7135085693", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-development-of-a-predictive-model-based/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-026-00479-z" }, { "slug": "2026-long-term-follow-up-adherence-after", "title": "Long-term follow-up adherence after implantable collamer lens implantation in high-myopia patients: a single-center retrospective cohort and KAP survey study", "authors": [ { "name": "Tongxin Niu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Xin Li", "orcid": "0000-0001-9660-9053" }, { "name": "Ying Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-1312-0146" }, { "name": "Xin Li", "orcid": "0000-0001-9660-9053" }, { "name": "Jingran Cao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "S Z Zhao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Zhe Jia", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Ruibo Yang", "orcid": "0000-0001-5085-6497" } ], "year": 2026, "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "preprint", "venue": "Research Square", "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-10004973/v1", "abstract": "Abstract Background High myopia carries the risk of sight-threatening complications, including glaucoma, retinal degeneration, and peripheral retinal breaks. Although phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation surgery effectively corrects refractive error and provides good visual outcomes, it does not reduce the ocular risks associated with high myopia. Therefore, regular long-term follow-up remains important for the timely detection of high myopia–related complications in these patients. Methods This mixed-methods study included 2,393 patients with high myopia who underwent V4c implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation between 2016 and 2023 at a single tertiary center. Long-term follow-up attendance trends were analyzed in a subgroup of 133 patients with available longitudinal follow-up records. A separate subgroup of 128 patients with more than 1 year of completed follow-up was assessed for detected ocular complications. A cross-sectional Knowledge–Attitude–Practice (KAP) survey was conducted among postoperative patients. Of 1,064 distributed questionnaires, 174 valid responses were included in the analysis. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with follow-up adherence. Results Long-term follow-up attendance declined progressively over time, with rates falling below 15% after four years and to 3% by nine years. A total of 174 valid KAP questionnaires were collected and analyzed, with a valid response rate of 16.35% (1,064 questionnaires were distributed). Major barriers included a lack of eye healthcare awareness, absence of symptoms, and limited access to follow-up care. Ocular complications, including normal-tension glaucoma (2.34%) and retinal lesions associated with high myopia (3.13%), were detected during postoperative follow-up examinations. Notably, all confirmed glaucoma cases occurred in patients aged ≥ 40 years. In patients with high myopia, normal intraocular pressure, normal central visual acuity, atypical optic disc morphology, myopic peripapillary atrophy, and a thinner retina may contribute to delayed detection. Logistic regression showed that better knowledge and a positive attitude toward monitoring were independent protective factors for adherence. Conclusions Poor long-term follow-up after ICL implantation may lead to delayed detection of high myopia–related ocular complications. Targeted health education, risk-stratified monitoring for middle-aged and high myopia subgroups, and improved access to care are urgently needed to enhance early detection and prevent irreversible vision loss in these patients.", "keywords": [ "implantable collamer lens", "high myopia", "phakic intraocular lens", "normal-tension glaucoma", "myopic retinal degeneration", "patient education", "middle-aged patients", "retinal thickness" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery", "myopia" ], "open_access_url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10004973/latest.pdf", "oa_status": "green", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7167099581", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-long-term-follow-up-adherence-after/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10004973/v1" }, { "slug": "2026-machine-learning-based-prediction-of-cycloplegic", "title": "Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Cycloplegic Refraction Using the Eyerobo Vision Screener: Design—A Cross-Sectional Comparative Device Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Mengmeng Xia", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Boxue Yao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yumei Wang", "orcid": "0000-0002-0551-3468" }, { "name": "Fengwei Liang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Wuxia Zhao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Li Qin", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Shoukuan Liu", "orcid": "0009-0004-9382-9500" }, { "name": "Muhammad Usama", "orcid": "0000-0002-0084-9560" }, { "name": "Zhihui Zhang", "orcid": "0009-0002-7596-3816" }, { "name": "Wu Guo", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xinjun Ren", "orcid": "0000-0002-8113-2069" } ], "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-25", "type": "article", "venue": "Ophthalmology and Therapy", "doi": "10.1007/s40123-026-01482-2", "abstract": "A cross-sectional comparative device study to compare the Eyerobo Vision Screener (VS), a portable handheld photorefractor, against a conventional auto-refractor for machine-learning-based prediction of cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) and power vector components (J0, J45) in a pediatric myopia cohort, to evaluate whether supplementary IOL Master biometry narrows the performance gap between devices, and to report screening-oriented classification metrics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]) at clinically meaningful referral thresholds that quantify the device–model combination’s triage performance. Data from 1129 eyes of 574 patients aged 6–18 years were collected using three ophthalmic devices before and after pharmacological dilation. All refractive measurements were decomposed into power vectors (SE, J0, J45) following Thibos et al. Twelve clinically motivated feature scenarios were constructed from a symmetric framework comparing the Eyerobo VS and auto-refractor (each under predilation, post-dilation, and combined conditions), with and without IOL Master biometry. TabPFN, a tabular foundation model requiring no hyperparameter tuning, was evaluated alongside seven conventional machine-learning algorithms using patient-level five-fold grouped cross-validation repeated over three random seeds. Agreement was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis, Pearson correlation, and clinical threshold analysis. In addition to regression metrics, a screening-classification analysis was performed at three prespecified clinical thresholds (cycloplegic SE $$\\le -0.50$$ D, $$\\le -3.00$$ D, and $$\\le -6.00$$ D), reporting sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and AUC with 95% paired bootstrap confidence intervals. Formal paired statistical comparison between TabPFN and the next-best algorithm and a one-eye-per-patient sensitivity analysis are also reported. TabPFN achieved the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) on all Eyerobo scenarios and was competitive with Ridge on auto-refractor scenarios; on the headline Eyerobo Pre + IOL scenario, the per-eye paired difference in MAE between TabPFN (0.425 D) and the next-best gradient-boosting learner (XGBoost, 0.542 D) was 0.117 D in favour of TabPFN, with paired Wilcoxon signed-rank $$p<0.001$$ . For predilation SE prediction, the auto-refractor achieved an MAE of 0.295 D (87.4% within ± 0.50 D), compared with 0.657 D (61.6%) for the Eyerobo VS. Adding IOL Master biometry to the Eyerobo reduced this gap by 64%, yielding an MAE of 0.425 D (72.0%). For astigmatic power vector components, the gap narrowed further: J0 MAE was 0.106 D (auto-refractor) versus 0.143 D (Eyerobo + IOL), and J45 MAE was 0.060 D versus 0.088 D. Auto-refractor post-dilation predictions approached cycloplegic accuracy (MAE = 0.203 D, 96.0% within ± 0.50 D). Subgroup analysis showed the Eyerobo performed best for mild myopia (MAE = 0.398 D, 75.6% within ± 0.50 D) and degraded for high myopia and the small nonmyopic stratum. In the screening-classification analysis, the Eyerobo and the auto-refractor were operationally equivalent at the any-myopia threshold (Eyerobo AUC 0.964 [95% CI 0.939–0.982], sensitivity 0.946, specificity 0.894; auto-refractor AUC 0.969 [0.948–0.986], sensitivity 0.960, specificity 0.886; paired AUC difference 0.005 [95% CI $$-0.022$$ to $$+0.034$$ ], formally noninferior under a prespecified $$\\delta =0.05$$ margin). Within this single-center pediatric referral cohort, the Eyerobo VS combined with machine learning produced cycloplegic SE estimates of a precision consistent with use as a triage adjunct to identify children who should proceed to a full cycloplegic examination, with near-equivalent performance to the auto-refractor for astigmatic components. The addition of IOL Master biometry narrowed the device gap by 64%. TabPFN achieved the best performance among the evaluated algorithms within this cohort and requires no hyperparameter tuning, but the modest margin over linear and gradient-boosting baselines and the absence of external validation preclude any recommendation as the definitive algorithm of choice. The proposed approach is not a substitute for cycloplegic refraction; prospective external validation in a general pediatric screening cohort is required before clinical deployment.", "keywords": [ "cycloplegic refraction", "childhood myopia", "spherical equivalent", "power vectors", "TabPFN", "machine learning prediction", "refractive error screening", "device comparison" ], "themes": [ "myopia", "cataract-surgery", "ai-imaging" ], "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40123-026-01482-2.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7204178651", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-machine-learning-based-prediction-of-cycloplegic/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-026-01482-2" }, { "slug": "2026-new-approach-for-the-quantitative-assessment", "title": "New Approach for the Quantitative Assessment of Scleral Staphyloma: Discrete Curvature Measure Analysis of the Sclera", "authors": [ { "name": "Di Wu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Xu Chu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Qing He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4529-5346" }, { "name": "Mengdi Chai", "orcid": "0009-0000-5352-5554" }, { "name": "Haoru Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-6252-4120" }, { "name": "Xu He", "orcid": "0000-0002-1670-0015" }, { "name": "Danyang Yu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Hua Rong", "orcid": "0000-0002-4189-0893" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xuejun Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-6881-9504" }, { "name": "Yue Huang", "orcid": "0000-0003-3529-6131" }, { "name": "Ruihua Wei", "orcid": "0000-0002-9708-0355" } ], "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01-07", "type": "article", "venue": "Translational Vision Science & Technology", "doi": "10.1167/tvst.15.1.8", "abstract": "Purpose: Current methods for evaluating scleral staphyloma morphology fail to provide curvature data of global scleral deformation. This study aimed to develop a quantitative method based on discrete differential geometry for analyzing scleral deformation caused by staphyloma. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 128 eyes of 73 patients with pathological myopia. All patients underwent orbital magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. The discrete Gaussian curvature measures (DGCMs) and discrete mean curvature measures (DMCMs) of all vertices on the ocular 3D model were calculated. We further established a computational method for the degree of scleral staphyloma expansion (E/U ratio). Results: The posterior scleral DGCM (pDGCM) and DMCM (pDMCM) standard deviations (SDs) were significantly greater in the staphyloma group than in the non-staphyloma group (0.069 ± 0.026 vs. 0.025 ± 0.005 and 0.335 ± 0.096 vs. 0.154 ± 0.027, respectively; both P < 0.0001). The E/U ratio was strongly linearly correlated with both the pDGCM and pDMCM SDs (both P < 0.01). For staphyloma diagnosis, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for pDGCM and pDMCM SDs were 0.994 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.984-1.000) and 0.993 (95% CI, 0.982-1.000), respectively (both P < 0.001). Conclusions: The variation in the curvature of the posterior sclera is significantly greater in eyes with staphyloma than in those without. This variation is highly specific and sensitive for staphyloma diagnosis. Translational Relevance: This method, based on discrete differential geometry, enables the direct quantification of scleral deformation, potentially providing a quantitative basis for the diagnosis and evaluation of staphyloma.", "keywords": [ "scleral staphyloma", "discrete differential geometry", "pathologic myopia", "posterior sclera", "orbital MRI" ], "themes": [ "myopia" ], "open_access_url": "https://tvst.arvojournals.org/arvo/content_public/journal/tvst/938743/i2164-2591-15-1-8_1767709836.37354.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7118765389", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-new-approach-for-the-quantitative-assessment/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.15.1.8" }, { "slug": "2026-predicting-pediatric-myopia-progression-from-single", "title": "Predicting pediatric myopia progression from single screening encounters: a multi-outcome development and validation study", "authors": [ { "name": "Nan Wei", "orcid": "0009-0001-4235-6326" }, { "name": "Chaoran Li", "orcid": "0000-0003-4079-2164" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Muhammad Usama", "orcid": "0000-0002-0084-9560" }, { "name": "Jing Li", "orcid": "0009-0007-6867-6057" }, { "name": "Qiaoyan Chen", "orcid": "0009-0002-4211-5570" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "钱学翰", "orcid": null } ], "year": 2026, "date": "2026-09-26", "type": "article", "venue": "Journal of Translational Medicine", "doi": "10.1186/s12967-026-09003-2", "abstract": "Pediatric myopia screening captures refractive and biometric measurements but rarely converts them into individualised risk estimates. Whether automated biometric features (pupil diameter, interpupil distance, gaze deviation) add predictive value beyond standard refraction is unevaluated. We developed and internally validated a calibrated multi-outcome risk model using 4,220 screening records from 2,373 children (ages 6–13) from 2018 to 2021. Six outcomes were predicted: high myopia (spherical equivalent $$\\:\\le\\:-3.00$$ D) at 1, 2 and 3 years, mild-to-moderate progression, myopia onset, and rapid progression. Progressively richer feature tiers were compared with patient-grouped cross-validation, patient-clustered bootstrap, DeLong tests with Holm-Bonferroni correction, temporal validation, six comparators, and a pre-specified sex-stratified fairness assessment. Reporting followed TRIPOD + AI. The clinical refraction model (age, sex, spherical equivalent) achieved AUC 0.878 (95% CI 0.815–0.931) for 1-year high myopia, 0.828 at 2 years and 0.795 at 3 years; mild-to-moderate progression reached 0.782 and onset 0.739. Temporal validation preserved discrimination, and no comparator was significantly superior. Biometric features added no discrimination on any outcome, no single feature changing AUC beyond 0.005. After isotonic recalibration, decision curve analysis showed net benefit; at a 30% threshold the 2-year model reached 83.4% sensitivity and 97.1% negative predictive value, without disparity by sex. A parsimonious logistic regression model using only routine screening data predicts pediatric high myopia across multiple horizons. Screening-device biometric features add no incremental value, being correlated with the dominant age and refractive predictors.", "keywords": [ "childhood myopia", "myopia progression", "myopia screening", "risk prediction model", "pupil size", "gaze deviation", "biometric traits", "refractive error" ], "themes": [ "myopia", "ai-imaging" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-026-09003-2", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7214465612", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-predicting-pediatric-myopia-progression-from-single/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-026-09003-2" }, { "slug": "2026-repeatability-of-cone-photoreceptor-metrics-with", "title": "Repeatability of cone photoreceptor metrics with a commercial adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (Mona II) in healthy adults", "authors": [ { "name": "Jinyi Jia", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Bei Du", "orcid": "0000-0002-0947-1541" }, { "name": "Hua Rong", "orcid": "0000-0002-4189-0893" }, { "name": "Biying Wang", "orcid": "0000-0002-0963-2296" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Guihua Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9669-3774" }, { "name": "Ruihua Wei", "orcid": "0000-0002-9708-0355" } ], "year": 2026, "date": "2026-06-05", "type": "article", "venue": "British Journal of Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1136/bjo-2025-329013", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To evaluate the repeatability of the adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) system (Mona II) in measuring cone photoreceptor parameters and compare repeatability differences in different retinal regions. METHODS: A total of 126 healthy adults aged between 18 and 36 years with cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction ≤+0.50 D and >-6.00 D were enrolled. Retinal images were captured at the macular fovea centre (0°, 0°), the temporal, nasal, superior and inferior regions at 1.5° and 3.0° eccentricity. At each region, multiple 2.4°×2.4° images were sequentially captured with 0.9°×2.4° overlap between adjacent regions, covering the detection area within 4.2° centred on the fovea. Three images with clear cone photoreceptors and image quality scores of 0.8 or above were selected from each region for analysis. RESULTS: All parameters of the cone photoreceptors demonstrated excellent repeatability, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranging from 0.967 to 0.994. The cone density exhibited good repeatability, with the fovea and the nasal region at 1.5° eccentricity showing the highest ICC (0.992). For the cone spacing, regularity and dispersion also demonstrated high repeatability across all regions (all ICC >0.90). CONCLUSIONS: The Mona II AO-SLO system showed high repeatability in measuring parameters of cone photoreceptors in healthy adults, with consistent performance across retinal area within a 4.2° range. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2500114249.", "keywords": [ "cone photoreceptors", "adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy", "repeatability", "cone density", "cone spacing", "retinal eccentricity", "healthy adults", "fovea" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7163684090", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-repeatability-of-cone-photoreceptor-metrics-with/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-329013" }, { "slug": "2026-retinal-and-choroidal-changes-in-diabetic", "title": "Retinal and choroidal changes in diabetic patients before definitive diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy: a two-year prospective study", "authors": [ { "name": "Mingming Ma", "orcid": "0000-0002-7727-9623" }, { "name": "Yanfei Feng", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Juping Liu", "orcid": "0000-0001-9720-8227" }, { "name": "Fei Gao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xiaomin Zhang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Xiaorong Li", "orcid": "0000-0003-0641-2797" } ], "year": 2026, "date": "2026-02-27", "type": "article", "venue": "Journal of Endocrinological Investigation", "doi": "10.1007/s40618-026-02847-x", "abstract": "", "keywords": [ "diabetic retinopathy", "type 2 diabetes", "choroidal thickness", "retinal thickness", "retinal nerve fiber layer", "ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer", "retinal neurodegeneration", "retinal vessel density" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7131795206", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-retinal-and-choroidal-changes-in-diabetic/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-026-02847-x" }, { "slug": "2026-stage-specific-associations-of-outdoor-time", "title": "Stage-specific associations of outdoor time, reading, and screen exposure with myopia onset and progression in 404,297 Chinese schoolchildren: a multistate cohort study", "authors": [ { "name": "Bei Du", "orcid": "0000-0002-0947-1541" }, { "name": "Desheng Song", "orcid": "0000-0003-0215-898X" }, { "name": "Nan Jin", "orcid": "0000-0002-7236-9013" }, { "name": "Lin Liu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Xuan Li", "orcid": "0000-0003-1768-9556" }, { "name": "Bo Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-8890-8416" }, { "name": "Jinghui Wang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Meinan He", "orcid": "0000-0001-7890-7620" }, { "name": "Lei Wang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Ziyu Zhang", "orcid": "0009-0007-9055-630X" }, { "name": "Shuwei Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-6296-7239" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Hua Yan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7651-840X" }, { "name": "Ruihua Wei", "orcid": "0000-0002-9708-0355" } ], "year": 2026, "date": "2026-09-14", "type": "article", "venue": "BMC Public Health", "doi": "10.1186/s12889-026-29173-4", "abstract": "To determine how outdoor time, reading duration, and screen exposure, individually and in combination, affect stage-specific transitions in myopia development among schoolchildren. The longitudinal study included 404,297 primary school students (grades 1–6) participating in the Tianjin Child and Adolescent Research of Eye (TCARE) program from 2021 to 2024. Non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) was used to classify refractive states (non-myopia, mild, moderate, and high myopia). Cox proportional hazards models were used to quantify the associations with first incident mild, moderate, and high myopia. Multistate Markov models (MSMs) further estimated transition-specific associations for non-myopia, mild to moderate, and moderate to high myopia. The models were adjusted for age, sex, baseline SE, parental myopia, socioeconomic status, and NDVI. Over three years, 148,952 students progressed from non-myopia to mild myopia, 61,480 from mild to moderate myopia, and 7,847 from moderate to high myopia. Outdoor time exceeding 2 h per day was consistently associated with a lower risk of transition from non-myopia to mild myopia (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.86–0.91), corresponding to a population attributable fraction (PAF) of 8.6% (95% CI, 7.2%–10.0%). In contrast, ≥ 2 h per day of reading (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03–1.06) and screen exposure (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04) at baseline were associated with the higher risk of this early transition. Although these associations were statistically significant, their magnitudes were modest and should be interpreted cautiously in terms of individual-level clinical relevance. None of these behaviors showed statistically significant associations with transitions between later myopia stages in multistate analyses. However, complementary analyses of continuous refractive change suggested that baseline outdoor time and screen exposure remained modestly associated with subsequent myopic progression among children with established myopia. All findings were robust across stratified and sensitivity analyses. Behavioral exposures showed stronger associations with the transition from non-myopia to mild myopia than with later transitions. This pattern should be interpreted cautiously because non-cycloplegic refraction may introduce misclassification around the onset threshold and may not necessarily reflect biological differences between myopia onset and progression. These findings underscore the potential relevance of behavioral factors during early refractive development, while suggesting that the strength of behavioral associations may vary across refractive transition stages.", "keywords": [ "myopia onset", "myopia progression", "outdoor time", "reading time", "screen exposure", "elementary school students", "refractive error", "multi-state Markov model" ], "themes": [ "myopia" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29173-4", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7212746396", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-stage-specific-associations-of-outdoor-time/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-29173-4" }, { "slug": "2026-structure-preserving-super-resolution-of-retinal", "title": "Structure-preserving super-resolution of retinal fundus images via a dual-transformer residual network", "authors": [ { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Fei Gao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Liying Hu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Muhammad Usama", "orcid": "0000-0002-3834-2167" }, { "name": "Xiaorong Li", "orcid": "0000-0003-0641-2797" }, { "name": "Juping Liu", "orcid": "0000-0001-9720-8227" } ], "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01-30", "type": "article", "venue": "Frontiers in Medicine", "doi": "10.3389/fmed.2025.1730678", "abstract": "High-resolution retinal fundus images are critical for diagnosing diabetic retinopathy, yet clinical datasets often contain low-resolution images that obscure fine vascular structures essential for accurate diagnosis. Existing super-resolution methods face a fundamental trade-off: convolutional neural networks produce overly smooth results, while generative adversarial networks (GANs) risk creating hallucinated artifacts. We propose the Dual-Transformer Residual Super-Resolution Network (DTRSRN), a hybrid architecture combining Swin Transformers for global context modeling with a parallel residual Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) pathway for fine-grained vascular detail preservation. Our key innovation lies in using Fractal Dimension analysis to quantitatively measure retinal vascular morphology preservation. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that DTRSRN achieves 33.64 dB PSNR for 2 × super-resolution, out performing state-of-the-art methods including SwinIR (+0.96 dB), HAT (+0.37 dB), and ResShift (+0.30 dB). Critically, DTRSRN achieves 17.0% improvement in vascular structure preservation (Δ D f = 0.0987) compared to the best baseline, demonstrating superior clinical relevance for retinal image enhancement.", "keywords": [ "diabetic retinopathy", "Swin Transformer", "residual convolutional neural network", "CNN-Transformer hybrid", "fractal dimension" ], "themes": [ "retina", "ai-imaging" ], "open_access_url": "https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1730678/pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 8, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7126253869", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-structure-preserving-super-resolution-of-retinal/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2025.1730678" }, { "slug": "2026-validation-of-the-eyerobo-fc-portable", "title": "Validation of the Eyerobo FC Portable Fundus Camera for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Using Public Datasets and Deep Learning", "authors": [ { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xiangying Liu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Shoukuan Liu", "orcid": "0009-0004-9382-9500" }, { "name": "Qinru Zhang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Mingxuan Zhang", "orcid": "0009-0001-7302-5335" }, { "name": "Zhihui Zhang", "orcid": "0009-0002-7596-3816" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Muhammad Usama", "orcid": "0000-0002-3834-2167" }, { "name": "Xinjun Ren", "orcid": "0000-0002-8113-2069" } ], "year": 2026, "date": "2026-03-11", "type": "article", "venue": "Ophthalmology and Therapy", "doi": "10.1007/s40123-026-01353-w", "abstract": "To validate the diagnostic performance of the Eyerobo FC, a new portable non-mydriatic fundus camera for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening, against an established desktop fundus camera benchmark using a transfer-learning approach in which artificial intelligence (AI)-based detection algorithms trained on desktop images were applied to Eyerobo FC images. This prospective validation study employed a three-tier experimental design. Tier 1 involved training a deep learning model (EfficientNet-B4) on standard desktop camera images from EyePACS and APTOS 2019 datasets. Tier 2 established the reference standard by evaluating the trained model on the Messidor-2 dataset (N = 1748 eyes) captured with a Topcon TRC NW6 desktop camera (sensitivity 92.7%, 95% CI 91.2–94.2%; AUC 0.952, 95% CI 0.943–0.961). Tier 3 validated the same AI model (without retraining) on images from the Eyerobo FC in a prospective cohort (N = 104 eyes: 52 referable DR, 52 non-referable). The primary outcome was noninferiority of sensitivity and specificity (margin $$\\Delta$$ = 10%) compared with the desktop benchmark. Statistical analysis included bootstrap resampling (1000 iterations) for confidence intervals and a one-sided Z-test for the difference of proportions to assess noninferiority. In a balanced cohort of 104 eyes (52 referable DR, 52 non-referable), the Eyerobo FC achieved sensitivity of 92.3% (95% CI 84.4–98.2%) and specificity of 94.2% (95% CI 87.0–100%), demonstrating noninferior performance compared with the desktop benchmark (sensitivity 92.7%, specificity 94.3%). The sensitivity difference of $$-0.4$$ percentage points and the specificity difference of $$-0.1$$ percentage points were both within the noninferiority margin. AUC was 0.977 (95% CI 0.945–0.997) versus 0.952 for the desktop benchmark. The AI model correctly classified 97 of 104 eyes (93.3% accuracy, 95% CI 88.5–98.1%), with 4 false negatives and 3 false positives. Noninferiority was statistically confirmed for both sensitivity and specificity (P < 0.05). Inter-grader agreement was excellent (Cohen’s kappa = 0.917). Nonmydriatic image gradability rate was 94.4%. Grad-CAM visualization confirmed appropriate model attention to hemorrhages, exudates, and microaneurysms rather than artifacts. The Eyerobo fundus camera demonstrates noninferior diagnostic performance (sensitivity 92.3%, specificity 94.2%, AUC 0.977) compared with desktop systems when evaluated with AI algorithms trained exclusively on desktop images. These findings support deploying portable AI-assisted screening in resource-constrained and point-of-care settings, with successful cross-domain transfer learning enabling algorithmic generalizability across imaging platforms.", "keywords": [ "diabetic retinopathy screening", "transfer learning", "deep learning", "EfficientNet-B4", "non-inferiority", "referable diabetic retinopathy", "Messidor-2", "EyePACS" ], "themes": [ "retina", "ai-imaging" ], "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40123-026-01353-w.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 3, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W7135051875", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2026-validation-of-the-eyerobo-fc-portable/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-026-01353-w" }, { "slug": "2025-an-exploration-of-alanine-aminotransferase-alt", "title": "An Exploration of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) Scores with Dysglycemia and Diabetic Retinopathy: The Beichen Eye Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Limei Chen", "orcid": "0000-0003-3264-0224" }, { "name": "Xiaoxia Miao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Manqiao Wang", "orcid": "0000-0002-0839-1398" }, { "name": "Fei Gao", "orcid": "0000-0002-3791-8937" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Liying Hu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Chen Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-7365-4940" }, { "name": "Yu Shi", "orcid": "0000-0003-2607-211X" }, { "name": "Xiuqing Zhu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7825-1449" }, { "name": "Xiaorong Li", "orcid": "0000-0001-8257-4267" }, { "name": "Juping Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-5312-7748" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-03-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity", "doi": "10.2147/dmso.s502129", "abstract": "Background and Purpose: Liver metabolism is closely linked to glucose levels. Studies have shown that the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), as a marker of liver fibrosis, is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the existing evidence remains insufficient to establish this association definitively. Furthermore, no prior studies have investigated the potential relationship between APRI and diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aimed to investigate the association of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI) scores with dysglycemia and DR. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 5828 participants aged 50 and older. All participants underwent laboratory blood tests, ophthalmological examinations, and interviews using questionnaires. Multiple linear regression models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves explored the association between ALT and AST APRI scores and dysglycemia. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association between ALT and AST APRI scores and DR. Analyses were conducted for males and females separately to examine sex-specific effects. Results: In the multiple linear regression models, ALT and AST APRI scores were associated with fasting blood glucose after adjusting various potential confounders in the whole population or subgroup analysis (all P <0.05). ALT APRI score was superior to AST APRI score in the discrimination of hyperglycemic participants. In the univariate analysis, the ALT and AST APRI scores were associated with DR in the female participants with diabetes (P = 0.043, P=0.022). However, binary logistic regression models found no evident significant association between the ALT and AST APRI scores and DR in the female participants with diabetes (all P>0.05). Conclusion: ALT and AST APRI scores are potential markers for the diagnosis of hyperglycemia, and ALT APRI score is superior to AST APRI score. ALT and AST APRI scores are not independent risk factors for DR.", "keywords": [ "alanine aminotransferase", "aspartate aminotransferase", "APRI", "liver fibrosis", "dysglycemia", "hyperglycemia", "diabetic retinopathy", "type 2 diabetes" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/101419", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 3, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408766584", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-an-exploration-of-alanine-aminotransferase-alt/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s502129" }, { "slug": "2025-aqueous-humor-proteome-in-rvo-associated", "title": "Aqueous Humor Proteome in RVO-Associated Macular Edema: Analysis during Three Consecutive Conbercept Treatments", "authors": [ { "name": "Shoukuan Liu", "orcid": "0009-0004-9382-9500" }, { "name": "Mingxuan Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0003-3324-6675" }, { "name": "Yifeng Ke", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Liangzhang Tan", "orcid": "0000-0001-8211-8640" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Yongtao Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yingxiang Zhao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Xinjun Ren", "orcid": "0000-0002-8113-2069" }, { "name": "Xiaorong Li", "orcid": "0000-0003-0641-2797" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-06", "type": "article", "venue": "ACS Omega", "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.5c08664", "abstract": "High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Purpose: This exploratory study aimed to assess the aqueous humor (AH) proteome in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and macular edema (ME) receiving three consecutive intravitreal injections of Conbercept, to identify potential molecular pathways, and to generate hypotheses. Methods: Label-free quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied to analyze the AH of patients with RVO and ME who underwent three consecutive Conbercept intravitreal injections (IVI) and age-matched controls. The alterations in BCVA, central retinal thickness (CRT), and AH proteins were ascertained through a permutation-based calculation (the false discovery rate was set at 0.05). A repeated-measures analysis determined the most significantly changed protein in the AH (α = 0.05). Results: Compared to controls, 45 proteins were regulated in the RVO cohort, with 19 and 48 proteins differentially expressed in the branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) subgroups, respectively. The plasma kallikrein ( P = 0.0007, R = 0.775) and desmocollin-3 ( P = 0.006, R = −0.673) levels were significantly correlated with CRT during treatment in the BRVO. SPARC ( P = 0.007, R = −0.686), vasorin ( P = 0.002, R = −0.759), desmocollin-2 ( P = 0.008, R = −0.676), Neurotrimin ( P = 0.007, R = −0.685), desmocollin-3 ( P = 0.042, R = −0.549), fibulin-1 ( P = 0.011, R = −0.656), and follistatin-related protein-1 ( P = 0.048, R = −0.536) were significantly correlated with CRT during treatment, and desmocollin-2 ( P = 0.025, R = −0.610), desmocollin-3 ( P = 0.021, R = −0.610), plasma kallikrein ( P = 0.0006, R = 0.8), and Neurotrimin ( P = 0.017, R = −0.623) were significantly correlated with changes in patients’ BCVA during treatment in the CRVO. Conclusions: This exploratory proteomic analysis identified distinct pathway alterations in early RVO pathogenesis─metabolic in BRVO and inflammatory in CRVO─and common treatment-related changes: plasma kallikrein was downregulated, while desmocollin-3 was up-regulated.", "keywords": [ "aqueous humor proteome", "retinal vein occlusion", "macular edema", "conbercept", "intravitreal injection", "branch retinal vein occlusion", "central retinal vein occlusion", "plasma kallikrein" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.5c08664?ref=article_openPDF", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415953690", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-aqueous-humor-proteome-in-rvo-associated/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c08664" }, { "slug": "2025-assessing-the-impact-of-ai-assisted", "title": "Assessing the Impact of AI-Assisted Portable Slit Lamps on Rural Primary Ophthalmic Medical Service", "authors": [ { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Chunhong Yan", "orcid": "0000-0002-3974-7991" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xiangdong He", "orcid": "0000-0003-2668-5901" }, { "name": "Xiangdong He", "orcid": "0000-0003-2668-5901" }, { "name": "Peng Qi", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Mingze Li", "orcid": "0000-0001-8507-8613" }, { "name": "Dongming Han", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-02-05", "type": "article", "venue": "Current Eye Research", "doi": "10.1080/02713683.2025.2458131", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of an AI-assisted portable slit lamp (iSpector) and basic ophthalmology training on cataract detection, referral, and surgery rate in rural areas. METHODS: This randomized control trial randomly assigned 63 village doctors to either the AI-assisted group (providing iSpector and training) or the control group (providing training). Doctors were followed for 1 year before intervention as a baseline and 1 year after to make the comparison. Multivariable Poisson regression was applied to compare the difference in cataract detection, referral, and surgery rate between the two groups, adjusted for primary doctors' baseline characteristics. We further conducted subgroup analysis to estimate the change after the intervention. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the detection, referral, and surgery rate of cataracts among the AI-assisted group was comparable, 1.7 times higher, and 4.9 times higher, respectively. Providing iSpector and training increased the detection, referral, and surgery rate of cataracts. However, only based on training to elevate the detection rate of cataracts did not change the referral and surgery rate. CONCLUSIONS: iSpector helps village doctors detect and refer cataract patients appropriately, thus increasing the probability that patients receive cataract surgery.", "keywords": [ "cataract detection", "cataract surgery", "village doctors", "ophthalmology education", "resource-limited settings", "telemedicine" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 3, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4407170390", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-assessing-the-impact-of-ai-assisted/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2025.2458131" }, { "slug": "2025-association-between-maternal-pre-pregnancy-body", "title": "Association Between Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Astigmatism and Corneal Curvature in Offspring: A Cross-Sectional Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Yuanyuan Han", "orcid": "0000-0001-7591-2969" }, { "name": "Hongyu Lv", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yidan Cao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Jing Tao Wu", "orcid": "0000-0003-4213-4106" }, { "name": "Xiaoyu Zeng", "orcid": "0009-0007-2947-1219" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Yaxin Zhao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Jia Lv", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Wenli Lu", "orcid": "0000-0003-2894-7506" }, { "name": "Xuehan Qian", "orcid": "0000-0003-4495-9400" }, { "name": "Nan Wei", "orcid": "0009-0006-7747-4150" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-09-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Clinical ophthalmology", "doi": "10.2147/opth.s532009", "abstract": "Purpose: To investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and astigmatism and corneal curvature in offspring. Patients and Methods: Corneal topography and an optical biometer were used to measure ocular parameters, while cycloplegic autorefraction was performed to assess cylindrical diopter and axis. Demographic, pregnancy, and offspring-related information was collected through questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the association. Results: A total of 213 mother-child pairs were included. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was categorized as underweight (11.3%), normal weight (66.7%), overweight (16.0%), and obese (6.1%). The mean age of the offspring was 6.80 ± 2.44 years (males 49.3%). Offspring born to mothers with overweight or obese pre-pregnancy BMI exhibited significantly higher steep corneal curvature, average corneal curvature, corneal astigmatism, and total astigmatism compared to those in the normal pre-pregnancy BMI group. In multiple linear regression analysis, after adjusting for relevant covariates, pre-pregnancy BMI was positively associated with steep corneal curvature (β=0.35, P=0.005), corneal astigmatism (β=0.21, P=0.001), and total astigmatism (β=0.22, P<0.001). Compared to normal pre-pregnancy BMI, pre-pregnancy obesity was positively associated with offspring steep corneal curvature (β=1.52, P=0.002) and those born to mothers with overweight or obese pre-pregnancy BMI had a significantly higher prevalence of corneal astigmatism (overweight: β=0.56, P=0.001; obese: β=0.55, P=0.038) and total astigmatism (overweight: β=0.47, P=0.002; obese: β=0.59, P=0.010). Conclusion: Offspring of mothers with overweight or obese pre-pregnancy BMI show higher prevalence of developing corneal and total astigmatism compared to the normal.", "keywords": [ "pre-pregnancy body mass index", "maternal obesity", "maternal overweight", "corneal astigmatism", "corneal curvature" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/106901", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 1, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4414152048", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-association-between-maternal-pre-pregnancy-body/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s532009" }, { "slug": "2025-characteristics-of-biological-parameters-and-implantable", "title": "Characteristics of biological parameters and implantable collamer lens (ICL) size selection in moderate, high, and super-high myopia eyes", "authors": [ { "name": "Fei Ran Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-2455-4986" }, { "name": "Yueni Ma", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Wenjie Qi", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Ruibo Yang", "orcid": "0000-0001-5085-6497" }, { "name": "Shaozhen Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0003-0907-3436" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-03-03", "type": "article", "venue": "BMC Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1186/s12886-025-03934-y", "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of anterior segment biometric parameters in moderate, high, and super-high myopia eyes for ICL size selection. METHODS: A total of 246 eyes of 131 patients were included in this prospective observational cohort study. Preoperative axis length (AL), central keratometry (Kc), central corneal thickness (CCT), white-to-white (WTW), internal anterior chamber depth (ACD), trabecular iris angle (TIA), anterior chamber width (ACW), angle-to-angle distance (ATA), crystalline lens rise (CLR), lens thickness (LT), sulcus-to-sulcus (STS), ICL size, and postoperative vault at 1 month were recorded and compared among the different degrees of myopia groups. RESULTS: The moderate myopia showed smaller ACD and TIA than high and super-high myopia (P < 0.05). A higher proportion of CLR positive (+) was in the moderate myopia group (65%), while the super-high myopia group had a higher proportion of CLR negative (-) (55.3%). (P = 0.047). There were no statistical differences among the myopia groups in WTW, ATA, ACW, STS, LT, and postoperative vault (P>0.05). In different degrees of myopia groups, vertical ATA, ACW and STS were longer than horizontal ATA, ACW and STS (P < 0.001), and horizontal-STS showed a higher correlation with horizontal-ATA (r = 0.655) and horizontal-ACW (r = 0.660) than with WTW (r = 0.591). The 12.1 mm size ICL was slightly selected in moderate myopia (35.8%) more than high myopia (14.6%) and super-high myopia (26.3%) (P = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Compared to high and super-high myopia, moderate myopic eyes exhibited smaller ACD, TIA while similar WTW, ATA, ACW and STS, with the lens positioned more anteriorly. It should be concerned to the effect of sagittal axis parameters ACD and CLR on the ICL size in different degrees of myopia.", "keywords": [ "implantable collamer lens", "myopia severity", "anterior segment biometry", "anterior chamber depth", "trabecular-iris angle", "anterior chamber width", "keratometry", "corneal thickness" ], "themes": [ "myopia", "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-03934-y", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 6, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4408121690", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-characteristics-of-biological-parameters-and-implantable/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-03934-y" }, { "slug": "2025-clinicopathological-and-genetic-analysis-of-orbital", "title": "Clinicopathological and genetic analysis of orbital solitary fibrous tumors", "authors": [ { "name": "Qing Wang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1679-0169" }, { "name": "Zonghan Nan", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Xun Liu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Limin Zhu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Tianming Jian", "orcid": "0000-0001-6377-0254" }, { "name": "Liang Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0002-9580-0136" }, { "name": "Jinzhi Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0002-0487-5950" }, { "name": "Tingting Lin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6061-2311" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-14", "type": "article", "venue": "BMC Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1186/s12886-025-04223-4", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To investigate the clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of patients with orbital solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) for clinical reference. METHODS: This single-center retrospective case-series study assessed clinical manifestations, imaging features, treatment, and prognosis of patients with orbital SFT. Immunohistochemical staining and fusion gene detection were also performed. RESULTS: The mean age of monocular orbital SFT patients was 38.89 ± 19.69 years (10 males and 8 females). The most common complaint was unilateral proptosis (68%). Tumors were 2.47 ± 0.67 cm in diameter, primarily oval-like (72%), and located in the upper part of the orbit (82%). Immunohistochemical staining results are as follows: STAT6 + (100%), CD99 + (100%), GRIA2 + (100%), ALDH1 + (95%), CD34 + (86%), Bcl-2 + (62%), EMA + (57%), S-100 + (10%), SMA + (10%), CD31 + (0%), Desmin + (0%), P53 + ( 2-44%), Ki-67( 1-10%), VEGFR1 + (100%), VEGFR2 + (100%), VEGFR3 + (0%), PDGFRα + (90%), PDGFRβ + (100%). Among them, CD99 (95%), ALDH1 (90%), and CD34 (86%) were relatively high in moderate and strong positive expression. Bcl-2 staining score of the primary group was higher than that of the recurrent group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 staining score of the benign group was higher than that of the malignant group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Four NAB2-STAT6 fusion variants were detected in 21 paraffin samples, including 1 case each of NAB2ex4-STAT6ex2 and NAB2ex6-STAT6ex16 and 2 cases each of NAB2ex6-STAT6ex17 and NAB2ex7-STAT6ex4. CONCLUSION: Orbital SFT were found in younger cohorts and smaller in size than other SFT. STAT6, CD99, GRIA2, ALDH1, CD34, and Bcl-2 are sensitive indications for orbital SFT, while CD99, ALDH1 and CD34 are more sensitive. High Bcl-2 expression is more common in primary and benign orbital SFT. The orbital SFT gene fusion variants include NAB2ex4-STAT6ex2, NAB2ex6-STAT6ex16, NAB2ex6-STAT6ex17, and NAB2ex7-STAT6ex4. An in-depth clinicopathological study can help explain orbital SFT.", "keywords": [ "NAB2-STAT6 fusion", "STAT6", "CD99", "ALDH1", "CD34", "Bcl-2", "immunohistochemistry", "clinicopathological features" ], "themes": [ "other" ], "open_access_url": "https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12886-025-04223-4", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 3, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412407012", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-clinicopathological-and-genetic-analysis-of-orbital/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04223-4" }, { "slug": "2025-cognitive-function-correlates-with-retinal-structural", "title": "Cognitive function correlates with retinal structural and vascular imaging parameters in Chinese older adults", "authors": [ { "name": "Manqiao Wang", "orcid": "0000-0002-0839-1398" }, { "name": "Li-Mei Chen", "orcid": "0000-0001-9589-9474" }, { "name": "Yi Gong", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Fei Gao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Liying Hu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Chen Chen", "orcid": "0000-0003-2104-534X" }, { "name": "Yan Xia Shao", "orcid": "0000-0001-6940-671X" }, { "name": "Juping Liu", "orcid": "0000-0001-9720-8227" }, { "name": "Xiaorong Li", "orcid": "0000-0003-0641-2797" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring", "doi": "10.1002/dad2.70147", "abstract": "Abstract AIM To investigate associations between cognitive status and retinal parameters in older adults. METHODS The population‐based Beichen Eye Study (BCES) recruited 5840 older adults from Tianjin, China. Retinal thickness and vessel density (VD) were measured using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT/OCTA). Cognitive function was assessed via the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Participants with gradable images and valid MMSE scores (n = 3606) were analyzed. RESULTS Cognitive impairment (CI) was identified in 32.7% of participants. Compared to non‐CI individuals, those with CI exhibited reduced average retinal thickness (p = 0.007) and choroid thickness (p < 0.001). Superficial VD (VDSVP) was significantly higher in moderate to severe CI compared to mild CI (p = 0.030). Linear mixed‐effects regression demonstrated positive correlations between MMSE scores and retinal parameters (r = 0.518 to 0.530). CONCLUSION Retinal thinning may occur in mild CI, with VD changes as CI progresses. Choroidal thinning is a potential cognitive indicator. OCT/OCTA, as a non‐invasive tool, offers potential for early cognitive disorder screening in aging populations. Highlights Retinal thinning (average retinal thickness: p = 0.007) and choroidal thinning (p < 0.001) are significantly associated with CI in older adults. A paradoxical increase in VDSVP was observed in moderate to severe CI (p = 0.030), suggesting compensatory vascular remodeling. Choroidal thickness emerges as a robust biomarker for cognitive decline (correlation coefficient range: 0.518 to 0.530). The large‐scale population‐based study (n = 5840) was conducted integrating OCT/OCTA imaging with MMSE cognitive assessments. The study supports OCT/OCTA as a noninvasive, cost‐effective screening tool for early detection of cognitive disorders in resource‐limited settings. The study highlights vascular risk management (e.g., glycemic control, smoking cessation) as a dual target for retinal and cognitive health.", "keywords": [ "cognitive impairment", "retinal thickness", "choroidal thickness", "vessel density", "retinal vascular remodeling", "cognitive decline biomarkers", "older adults", "optical coherence tomography angiography" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/dad2.70147", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 2, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412584030", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-cognitive-function-correlates-with-retinal-structural/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70147" }, { "slug": "2025-development-and-psychometric-properties-of-a", "title": "DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF A QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR CHINESE PATIENTS UNDERGOING INTRAVITREAL INJECTION (IVI-QOL-23)", "authors": [ { "name": "Liangzhang Tan", "orcid": "0000-0001-8211-8640" }, { "name": "Wenrui Linghu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Meiqi Xu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Shoukuan Liu", "orcid": "0009-0004-9382-9500" }, { "name": "Yongtao Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yifeng Ke", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xinjun Ren", "orcid": "0000-0002-8113-2069" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-01-06", "type": "article", "venue": "Retina", "doi": "10.1097/iae.0000000000004384", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To develop and assess the psychometric properties of a quality-of-life (QoL) assessment tool for Chinese patients treated with intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. METHODS: We developed a 31-item IVI-QoL questionnaire using semistructured patient interviews and expert panel consultation, drawing on a study of the literature. After pretesting on a subset of patients undergoing IVI, the questionnaire was pared down to 23 items. In total, 364 completed questionnaires were received. The IVI-QoL was further developed and evaluated using Rasch analysis. RESULTS: The final IVI-QoL version was constructed with 23 items in four dimensions: visual function, emotional subscale, social function, and healthy behavior, based on item reduction and exploratory factor analysis. The person separation indices for the four subscales ranged from 2.05 to 2.60. No items had a differential item functioning contrast >0.5 logits. The IVI-QoL-23 scale showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach alpha >0.9). CONCLUSION: The IVI-QoL-23 is reliable and valid for evaluating the QoL of Chinese patients treated with IVI of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs.", "keywords": [ "quality of life", "intravitreal injection", "anti-VEGF therapy", "questionnaire development", "psychometric validation", "Rasch analysis", "Chinese patients", "visual function" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 1, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4406109877", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-development-and-psychometric-properties-of-a/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/iae.0000000000004384" }, { "slug": "2025-differential-expression-of-tear-lymphotoxin-immunoglobulin", "title": "Differential Expression of Tear Lymphotoxin-Α, Immunoglobulin E, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Allergic Conjunctivitis-Associated Dry Eye", "authors": [ { "name": "Xiting Jiao", "orcid": "0000-0002-7915-7240" }, { "name": "Ning Gao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Dan Wang", "orcid": "0000-0002-0641-3485" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Yuanyuan Qi", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yueni Ma", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Chen Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-9078-8695" }, { "name": "Ruibo Yang", "orcid": "0009-0003-7675-8483" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-08-26", "type": "article", "venue": "Current Eye Research", "doi": "10.1080/02713683.2025.2549298", "abstract": "Purpose To evaluate the expression differences of tear lymphotoxin-α (LT-α), total immunoglobulin E (IgE), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in seasonal/perennial allergic conjunctivitis-associated dry eye (S/PAC-DE) and their clinical relevance, probing the underlying pathogenesis of S/PAC-DE.Methods This study enrolled 37 S/PAC-DE patients, 23 dry eye (DE) patients, and 24 healthy controls (HC). Assessing the clinical parameters, tear LT-α, total IgE, MMP-9, and nine other inflammatory cytokines in the three groups. Correlations between tear cytokines and clinical parameters were also analyzed.Results Tear LT-α levels were significantly lower in S/PAC-DE compared to DE and HC groups. Tear total IgE, TNF-α, and MMP-9 levels were significantly upregulated in the S/PAC-DE group than those in the DE (all p < 0.001) and HC groups (p = 0.005, p < 0.001, and p = 0.048). In the S/PAC-DE group, total IgE was positively correlated with MMP-9 (r = 0.652, p = 0.008). Total IgE and LT-α were positively correlated in the DE group (r = 0.498, p = 0.016), while the two showed a negative correlation trend in the S/PAC-DE group (r=-0.272, p = 0.103). LT-α was positively correlated with tear film break-up time and negatively correlated with corneal fluorescein staining score in both the S/PAC-DE and DE groups.Conclusions In the S/PAC-DE co-morbid state, the inhibition of tear LT-α expression and the upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines total IgE, TNF-α, and MMP-9 may collectively contribute to the disruption of the ocular surface epithelial barrier, further promoting and exacerbating DE. Additionally, the differences in correlation between LT-α and total IgE in the S/PAC-DE and common DE patients may be related to the distinct ocular immune microenvironments.", "keywords": [ "allergic conjunctivitis", "dry eye", "lymphotoxin", "immunoglobulin E", "MMP-9", "TNF-α", "tear cytokines", "ocular surface barrier" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 4, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413718423", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-differential-expression-of-tear-lymphotoxin-immunoglobulin/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2025.2549298" }, { "slug": "2025-efficacy-of-intravitreal-conbercept-in-vitrectomy", "title": "Efficacy of Intravitreal Conbercept in Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: An Integrated Meta-Analysis and Bibliometric Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Guangda Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Mingxuan Zhang", "orcid": "0009-0001-7302-5335" }, { "name": "Yifeng Ke", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Chuanzhen Zheng", "orcid": "0000-0001-6206-7161" }, { "name": "Liangzhang Tan", "orcid": "0000-0001-8211-8640" }, { "name": "Yongtao Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Chunli Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-1151-5582" }, { "name": "Xinjun Ren", "orcid": "0000-0002-8113-2069" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-09-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Clinical ophthalmology", "doi": "10.2147/opth.s516425", "abstract": "Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal Conbercept administered before or during vitrectomy in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), additionally, a bibliometric analysis was performed. Methods: The literature search was conducted using keywords and terms combined as follows: \"conbercept\", \"vitrectomy\", and \"proliferative diabetic retinopathy\", from January 2012 to August 2024. Additionally, we conducted three different comparisons. Data for the bibliometric analysis were obtained from the Web of Science database and analyzed using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix applications. Results: A total of 16 studies encompassing 1,215 cases were analyzed in this review. Patients in the Conbercept group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) compared to the no injection group at six-month follow-ups (MD = -0.36, 95% CI -0.45 to -0.28, P < 0.01). Additionally, the Conbercept group experienced fewer intraoperative complications, including reduced incidences of intraoperative bleeding (OR = 0.12, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.21), use of endodiathermy (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.47), silicone oil tamponade (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.73), and iatrogenic breaks (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.48). Both early and late postoperative vitreous hemorrhages were less common in the Conbercept group. When administered during vitrectomy, Conbercept still showed superior BCVA improvement at six months (MD = -0.32, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.18, P < 0.01). No significant difference was found between Conbercept and Ranibizumab in BCVA or intraoperative outcomes. From 2015 to 2025, 5,065 publications on Conbercept emerged, with declining growth but strong global collaboration and relevance in anti-VEGF ocular therapy. Conclusion: This systematic review revealed that, similarly to other anti-VEGF injections, Conbercept injection improved BCVA and had lower rates of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Conbercept research shows strong global collaboration and evolving focus on clinical applications in retinal vascular disease management.", "keywords": [ "conbercept", "proliferative diabetic retinopathy", "vitrectomy", "intravitreal injection", "anti-VEGF therapy", "best-corrected visual acuity", "intraoperative complications", "vitreous hemorrhage" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s516425", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 2, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4414361574", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-efficacy-of-intravitreal-conbercept-in-vitrectomy/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s516425" }, { "slug": "2025-exploring-machine-learning-models-for-vault", "title": "Exploring Machine Learning Models for Vault Safety in ICL Implantation: A Comparative Analysis of Regression and Classification Models", "authors": [ { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-9353-8584" }, { "name": "Qi Li", "orcid": "0000-0001-8776-8730" }, { "name": "Zhilong Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-5828-2635" }, { "name": "Ruibo Yang", "orcid": "0000-0001-5085-6497" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Yue Huang", "orcid": "0000-0003-3529-6131" }, { "name": "Hui Liu", "orcid": "0000-0003-3355-2285" }, { "name": "Chen Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-9078-8695" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Shaozhen Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0001-7646-2699" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-06-10", "type": "article", "venue": "Ophthalmology and Therapy", "doi": "10.1007/s40123-025-01173-4", "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: Accurate prediction of postoperative vault height following implantable collamer lens (ICL) V4c implantation is critical for minimizing complications and achieving optimal surgical outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the performance of machine learning models in predicting postoperative vault height, focusing on both regression and classification approaches. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed biometric and demographic data, including anterior chamber depth, white-to-white distance, and ICL size, among other variables. Regression and classification models were developed using gradient boosting, random forest, and CatBoost algorithms. Regression models predicted vault height as a continuous variable, while classification models categorized vault heights into binary and multi-class tasks. Model performance was evaluated using metrics including the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) for regression models, while accuracy, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC) were used for classification models. RESULTS: Regression models demonstrated moderate predictive performance, with random forest delivering the best performance (MAE: 134.0 µm, RMSE: 171.3 µm, Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.45). On the other hand, classification models exhibited greater clinical applicability than regression approaches. For the binary classification task (vault < 250 µm vs. ≥ 250 µm), gradient boosting achieved the highest overall performance, with accuracy of 89 ± 12% and an AUC of 0.89. In the task of predicting vault > 750 µm vs. ≤ 750 µm, random forest emerged as the most effective classifier, achieving accuracy of 86 ± 9% and an AUC of 0.88. In multi-class classification, models demonstrated superior performance in predicting intermediate vault heights (250 µm ≤ vault ≤ 750 µm). Random forest achieved the highest accuracy of 94.6% in this category. However, all models faced challenges in accurately classifying extreme vault categories. CONCLUSIONS: Classification models, particularly gradient boosting and random forest, demonstrated strong potential for predicting clinically significant vault categories, enabling personalized surgical planning and improved risk management. While regression models offered moderate insights, their limitations suggest that classification approaches are better suited for clinical applications. Future research should focus on enhancing model accuracy for extreme vault prediction and integrating advanced techniques, such as ensemble deep learning, to further refine outcomes.", "keywords": [ "implantable collamer lens", "ICL V4c", "classification models", "regression models", "gradient boosting", "random forest", "CatBoost", "anterior chamber depth" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery", "ai-imaging" ], "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40123-025-01173-4.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 3, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4411177600", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-exploring-machine-learning-models-for-vault/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-025-01173-4" }, { "slug": "2025-hyaluronic-acid-hydrogel-as-a-retinal", "title": "Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel as a Retinal Patch in the Treatment of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Multicenter Randomised Parallel‐Controlled Trial", "authors": [ { "name": "Boshi Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9242-2694" }, { "name": "Manqiao Wang", "orcid": "0000-0002-0839-1398" }, { "name": "Liangzhang Tan", "orcid": "0000-0001-8211-8640" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Lili Yuan", "orcid": "0000-0001-6595-3775" }, { "name": "Qingli Shang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7276-286X" }, { "name": "Jingxue Ma", "orcid": "0000-0002-8221-8948" }, { "name": "Jianmin Wang", "orcid": "0000-0001-9531-3103" }, { "name": "Xiang Ma", "orcid": "0000-0002-9164-8608" }, { "name": "Cong Ma", "orcid": "0000-0002-7912-1424" }, { "name": "Qinghuai Liu", "orcid": "0000-0003-1605-1964" }, { "name": "Jiangdong Ji", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yao Lu", "orcid": "0000-0001-6748-1214" }, { "name": "Yong Kang Tao", "orcid": "0000-0003-1443-2667" }, { "name": "L Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-6595-0555" }, { "name": "Peiquan Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0002-5092-9550" }, { "name": "Jiao Lyn", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Qiang Lu", "orcid": "0000-0002-3155-0107" }, { "name": "Yan Xia Shao", "orcid": "0000-0001-6940-671X" }, { "name": "Xinjun Ren", "orcid": "0000-0002-8113-2069" }, { "name": "Xiaorong Li", "orcid": "0000-0003-0641-2797" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-07", "type": "article", "venue": "Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1111/ceo.14570", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a linearly cross-linked sodium hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel used as a retinal patch in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: This multicenter, randomised, parallel-controlled trial included 313 participants diagnosed with RRD classified as PVR grade A or B, excluding those with giant retinal tears (defined as tears spanning more than one quadrant). Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. Following laser photocoagulation to retinal breaks, the experimental group received intraocular tamponade with a combination of linearly cross-linked sodium HA hydrogel and sterile air, whereas the control group received intraocular tamponade with perfluoropropane gas (C3F8). According to the intention-to-treat (ITT) principle, the final analysis included 155 subjects in the experimental group and 158 in the control group. The primary outcome measure was the retinal reattachment rate within 24 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: At 24 weeks, retinal reattachment rates were 91.8% in the experimental group and 91.4% in the control group (p = 0.903), with no statistically significant differences at any follow-up time point. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), or postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: The application of linearly cross-linked sodium HA hydrogel as a retinal patch demonstrated effectiveness comparable to traditional gas tamponade in the treatment of RRD. Furthermore, this method exhibited a favourable safety profile. The technique obviates the need for postoperative prone positioning, significantly improving the patient's postoperative comfort and quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000037030.", "keywords": [ "rhegmatogenous retinal detachment", "intraocular tamponade", "perfluoropropane gas tamponade", "retinal reattachment", "proliferative vitreoretinopathy", "laser photocoagulation", "best-corrected visual acuity", "postoperative complications" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 4, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4412110832", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-hyaluronic-acid-hydrogel-as-a-retinal/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.14570" }, { "slug": "2025-impact-of-ocular-massage-on-intraocular", "title": "Impact of Ocular Massage on Intraocular Pressure and Schlemm Canal Dimensions in Healthy Adults: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial", "authors": [ { "name": "Mingxuan Zhang", "orcid": "0009-0001-7428-8815" }, { "name": "Luning Qin", "orcid": "0009-0009-8657-3734" }, { "name": "Liangzhang Tan", "orcid": "0000-0001-8211-8640" }, { "name": "Yongtao Li", "orcid": "0000-0001-5237-4555" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Shuhan Wang", "orcid": "0009-0009-7355-1130" }, { "name": "Zhihui Zhang", "orcid": "0009-0002-7596-3816" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xinjun Ren", "orcid": "0000-0002-8113-2069" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-09-09", "type": "article", "venue": "JMIR Research Protocols", "doi": "10.2196/78864", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Ocular massage has been reported to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) temporarily. This effect could be related to enhanced aqueous humor outflow; however, the mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the impact of digital and EyePeace ocular massage on IOP fluctuations and investigate whether the observed reduction in IOP is attributable to morphological changes in the Schlemm canal (SC). METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to 1 of 3 groups: digital ocular massage, EyePeace ocular massage, or no ocular massage. The primary outcome measure will be IOP. The secondary outcome measures will include anterior segment optical coherence tomography assessment of the SC and trabecular meshwork. In addition, adverse events in the quality of vision will be monitored and documented using a mobile app-based questionnaire. All assessments will be performed at baseline and 10 minutes after the assigned interventions. RESULTS: Data collection was completed in the summer of 2025. The study results are expected to be published by the end of 2025. CONCLUSIONS: This study will investigate the impact of ocular massage on IOP and SC dimensions by using a randomized controlled design. As preliminary evidence suggests that ocular massage may transiently reduce IOP by enhancing aqueous humor outflow, this study will aim to clarify the underlying mechanism. By comparing digital ocular massage, EyePeace ocular massage, and no ocular massage, the study will assess changes in IOP and SC morphology. The findings are expected to provide insights into the role of mechanical manipulation in modulating aqueous humor outflow, potentially informing nonpharmacological strategies for possible glaucoma management. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2400093512; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=250459. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/78864.", "keywords": [ "ocular massage", "intraocular pressure", "Schlemm's canal", "aqueous humor outflow", "trabecular meshwork", "glaucoma management", "non-pharmacological treatment", "anterior segment optical coherence tomography" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/78864", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4414214274", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-impact-of-ocular-massage-on-intraocular/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/78864" }, { "slug": "2025-influence-of-corneal-diameter-on-corneal", "title": "Influence of Corneal Diameter on Corneal Biomechanics and Biometry in Chinese Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Huanmin Cheng", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Qiwei Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Fan Yang", "orcid": "0000-0002-1044-7821" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Zhanglin Liu", "orcid": "0009-0009-1362-9020" }, { "name": "Ming Sun", "orcid": "0000-0002-4134-6935" }, { "name": "Shaozhen Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0001-7646-2699" }, { "name": "Yue Huang", "orcid": "0000-0003-3529-6131" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-20", "type": "article", "venue": "Translational Vision Science & Technology", "doi": "10.1167/tvst.14.11.34", "abstract": "Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of corneal diameter (CD) on corneal biomechanics and biometry parameters to allow more accurate evaluation of refractive surgery patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 203 Chinese participants were categorized into four groups based on CD (group A = CD ≤11.1 mm, group B = CD = 11.2-11.5 mm, group C = CD = 11.6-12 mm, and group D = CD >12.0 mm). Data collected included age, gender, intraocular pressure, spherical equivalent, and parameters from the Pentacam and Corvis ST. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: The study included 203 eyes. For the Pentacam examination, corneal curvature, thinnest pachymetry (TP), back elevations (BEs), corneal elevation difference (front and back), pachymetry progression indices (PPIs), index of surface variance (ISV), keratoconus percentage index (KISA%), and most of the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD) parameters were negatively correlated with CD (linear regression analysis, P < 0.05). The abnormal rate of Pentacam parameters in the CD ≤11.1 mm group was higher than other groups. For Corvis ST, CD was positively correlated with peak distance (PD) and Ambrósio relational thickness to the horizontal profile (Arth), but negatively correlated with tomographic and biomechanical index (TBI) and Corvis biomechanical index (CBI; linear regression analysis, P < 0.05). The CD ≤11.1 mm group demonstrated the highest CBI and TBI values, although these parameters remained within the normal range. Conclusions: Corneal diameter significantly influences Pentacam and Corvis ST parameters, particularly on BE, BAD-D, PPIs, CBI, and TBI. Translational Relevance: Incorporating corneal diameter into preoperative screening may help improve the specificity of keratoconus detection and reduce unnecessary exclusion of eligible refractive surgery candidates with small corneas.", "keywords": [ "corneal diameter", "corneal biomechanics", "corneal biometry", "keratoconus", "refractive surgery candidates", "Pentacam", "Corvis ST", "Corvis Biomechanical Index" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://tvst.arvojournals.org/arvo/content_public/journal/tvst/938737/i2164-2591-14-11-34_1763557658.95253.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416420861", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-influence-of-corneal-diameter-on-corneal/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.14.11.34" }, { "slug": "2025-intense-pulsed-light-for-the-treatment", "title": "Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis", "authors": [ { "name": "Junran Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Bo Yu", "orcid": "0000-0003-3579-9011" }, { "name": "Muyao Xin", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yu Sun", "orcid": "0000-0002-6688-6356" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xiaoli Xing", "orcid": "0000-0002-7381-0413" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-05-26", "type": "article", "venue": "Photobiomodulation Photomedicine and Laser Surgery", "doi": "10.1089/photob.2024.0144", "abstract": "Objective:Bibliometric study of intense pulsed light (IPL) for dry eye disease (DED) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) to characterize current worldwide patterns and offer visual representations of previous and emerging trends. Background:DED is a prevalent eye condition and IPL has been reported to be an effective therapy for dry eyes. Method:This cross-sectional study examined IPL for DED research evolution and theme trends from 2015 to 2024, using bibliometric analysis of WoSCC data. We examined 4334 IPL articles for publication year, journals, authors, institutions, countries/regions, references, and keywords. Results:We found 111 articles from 2015 to 2024 articles and the annual publication rate was less than 10 from 2015 to 2017, but has steadily increased after 2018. Global publication volumes have increased by 1300% in the past decade, from 2 in 2015 to 28 in 2022. Currently, the number of articles stands at 10 in 2024. IPL for DED was published in 43 journals. Currently, the top journals publishing on this topic according to volume include Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, Journal of Clinical Medicine, and Cornea. Conclusions:The number of publications and citations on research related to IPL for DED treatment has steadily increased across numerous countries, institutions, and authors over the past decade. The current study illuminates the current trends, global collaboration patterns, fundamental knowledge, research hotspots, and emerging frontiers of IPL treatment. The primary focus now has been the development of innovative solutions for the treatment of DED and MGD by combining IPL with presenting DED treatment regime.", "keywords": [ "intense pulsed light", "dry eye", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "low-level laser therapy", "research trends", "publication growth", "research collaboration patterns" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 4, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4410757175", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-intense-pulsed-light-for-the-treatment/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2024.0144" }, { "slug": "2025-intermediate-term-outcomes-of-ahmed-glaucoma", "title": "Intermediate-term outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in glaucoma patients", "authors": [ { "name": "Bo Yu", "orcid": "0000-0003-3579-9011" }, { "name": "Muyao Xin", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yu Sun", "orcid": "0000-0002-6688-6356" }, { "name": "Junran Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xiaoli Xing", "orcid": "0000-0002-7381-0413" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-08-19", "type": "article", "venue": "BMC Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1186/s12886-025-04310-6", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in treating refractory glaucoma and analyze the factors influencing the surgical success rate. METHODS: A 3-year retrospective analysis was conducted on 199 patients with refractory glaucoma treated with AGV, model FP7.Preoperative and postoperative data, including intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, number of glaucoma medications, and surgical outcomes, were analyzed. Complete success was defined as an IOP ≤ 21 mmHg without the use of glaucoma medications or additional filtration surgery, and a reduction in IOP of ≥ 15% from baseline. The qualified success was defined as: IOP ≤ 21 mmHg with adjunctive medications or the reduction of IOP < 15% from baseline. The overall success encompassed both complete success and qualified success. RESULTS: Complete Success rates were 60.5% and 56% at years 1 and 3, respectively. Overall success rates were 83% and 74.7% at the same intervals. Visual acuity (VA) showed statistically significant improvement at year 1 (P < 0.05), but changes at year 3 were not significant (P > 0.05). Low preoperative IOP and a history of pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) were identified as protective factors contributing to the success of surgical outcomes at year 1. CONCLUSION: AGV implantation is a safe and effective treatment for neovascular glaucoma. Preoperative IOP and a history of PRP significantly influence surgical success at one year, with success rates declining over 3 years. Careful surgical execution is crucial for achieving optimal outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This retrospective study was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR2400089879).", "keywords": [ "Ahmed glaucoma valve", "refractory glaucoma", "neovascular glaucoma", "intraocular pressure", "surgical success rate", "visual acuity", "panretinal photocoagulation", "preoperative intraocular pressure" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12886-025-04310-6", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 1, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413304979", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-intermediate-term-outcomes-of-ahmed-glaucoma/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04310-6" }, { "slug": "2025-long-term-outcomes-of-ahmed-glaucoma", "title": "Long-term outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in glaucoma patients", "authors": [ { "name": "B Yu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "M Xin", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Y Sun", "orcid": null }, { "name": "J Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "EE Pazo", "orcid": null }, { "name": "X Xing", "orcid": null } ], "year": 2025, "date": null, "type": "preprint", "venue": "Research Square", "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-6495663/v1", "abstract": "Abstract Background To evaluate the efficacy of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in treating refractory glaucoma and analyze the factors influencing the surgical success rate. Methods A 5-year retrospective analysis was conducted on 199 patients with neovascular glaucoma, secondary glaucoma (excluding neovascular types), and residual glaucoma treated with AGV, model FP7. Preoperative and postoperative data, including intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, and surgical outcomes, were analyzed. Results Complete Success rates were 60.5%, 56%, and 39.3% at years 1, 3, and 5, respectively. Overall success rates were 83%, 74.7%, and 67.9% at the same intervals. Visual acuity (VA) showed statistically significant improvement at year 1 (P < 0.05), but changes at years 3 and 5 were not significant (P > 0.05). Low preoperative IOP and the history of pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) were identified as protective factors contributing to the success of surgical outcomes at year-1. Conclusion AGV implantation is a safe and effective treatment for neovascular glaucoma. Preoperative IOP and a history of PRP significantly influence surgical success at one year, with success rates declining over 5 years. Careful surgical execution is crucial for achieving optimal outcomes. Trial registration: This retrospective study was registered at the registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR2400089879).", "keywords": [], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": null, "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "scholar" ], "openalex_id": null, "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-long-term-outcomes-of-ahmed-glaucoma/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6495663/v1" }, { "slug": "2025-macular-function-measured-by-nidek-mp", "title": "Macular function measured by Nidek MP-3 microperimeter in normal Chinese individuals across age groups", "authors": [ { "name": "Dan Hu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Q. Wang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Qingcui Liu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Zhe Liu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Shuang Wu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Wen Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0003-4268-540X" }, { "name": "Xing Yan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2962-467X" }, { "name": "Bo Yu", "orcid": null } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-09-09", "type": "article", "venue": "PeerJ", "doi": "10.7717/peerj.19961", "abstract": "Background: Microperimetry has emerged as a tool for assessing retinal function, especially macular function in recent years. In this study, the MP-3, a widely adopted device, was employed to analyze macular sensitivity and fixation stability across various age groups. Methods: The research involved evaluating the macular sensitivity and fixation stability of 182 healthy eyes free from ocular disorders. The relationship between macular sensitivity, fixation pattern, and age was determined through generalized estimating equations. Results: Macular sensitivity and percentage of fixation stability within 2° and 4° were measured for 182 eyes (mean age: 45.24 ± 17.03 years) using MP-3. The mean macular sensitivity was 29.5 ± 1.6, while the mean percentage of fixation points within a 2° circle was 93.0 ± 7.5%, and within a 4° circle was 98.3 ± 2.8%. Macular sensitivity, as well as the percentage of fixation points within the central 2° and 4° areas, tended diminish with advancing age. Conclusion: In conclusion, among normal subjects, macular sensitivity and fixation values decrease with age. MP-3 emerges as a reliable instrument for measuring macular function.", "keywords": [ "macular function", "microperimetry", "macular sensitivity", "fixation stability", "age-related decline", "retinal function", "healthy eyes", "Chinese population" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://peerj.com/articles/19961.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4414148062", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-macular-function-measured-by-nidek-mp/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19961" }, { "slug": "2025-nurse-led-model-in-diabetic-retinopathy", "title": "Nurse-Led Model in Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: An Exploratory Scoping Review of Nurses’ Roles and Contributions", "authors": [ { "name": "Chen Chen", "orcid": "0000-0003-2104-534X" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Hua Liu", "orcid": "0009-0009-1266-3585" }, { "name": "Juping Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-5312-7748" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Clinical ophthalmology", "doi": "10.2147/opth.s548241", "abstract": "Purpose: As the growing number of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the demands for screening requests and eye care services are expected to increase. While different screening models have been reported, there are several articles in literature of nurse-led DR screening. The purpose of this review was to define the roles and contributions of nurses in DR screening, identify the necessary supports required, and address the challenges that need to be resolved. Methods: The literature search for the included articles was performed in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science. This search was conducted from the start of May 2025. Two reviewers independently screened all articles. If predefined inclusion criteria were met, the studies were further descriptive content, and data were summarized and individually evaluated. Results: From a total of 126 citations, 15 articles were selected for inclusion in the final review. Currently, nine countries globally are actively developing and implementing nurse-led DR screening models, with Australia leading in the number of such programs. Our search of literatures demonstrated the roles and contributions of nurse-led DR screening encompass research and leadership, consultancy, health management, technical expertise, and data collection. The supports required and challenges faced include transforming traditional screening models, providing adequate training, securing financial resources, and enhancing career motivation. Conclusion: The nurse-led model is a promising approach in DR screening that integrates eye examinations, diabetes education, data collection and fundus imaging within a single encounter, thereby improving efficiency and lowering costs. It may thus be considered a scalable approach for the future expansion of screening programs.", "keywords": [ "diabetic retinopathy", "nurse-led screening", "diabetic retinopathy screening", "nurses' role", "eye care", "diabetes education", "retinal imaging", "nurse training" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/109333", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 3, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4416732799", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-nurse-led-model-in-diabetic-retinopathy/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s548241" }, { "slug": "2025-real-world-clinical-insights-and-aqueous", "title": "Real-world clinical insights and aqueous humor biomarker analysis of diabetic macular edema subtypes classified by OCT following intravitreal injections", "authors": [ { "name": "Liangzhang Tan", "orcid": "0000-0001-8211-8640" }, { "name": "Shoukuan Liu", "orcid": "0009-0004-9382-9500" }, { "name": "Wenrui Linghu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yifeng Ke", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yongtao Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xinjun Ren", "orcid": "0000-0002-8113-2069" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-01", "type": "article", "venue": "BMC Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1186/s12886-025-04186-6", "abstract": "PURPOSE: This study aimed to observe the morphological changes and visual outcomes in diabetic macular edema (DME) subtypes based on optical coherence tomography classification following intravitreal injection. METHODS: Ninety-four eyes from seventy-eight patients were enrolled between July 1, 2018, and June 30, 2023. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness, and morphological changes were examined at each follow-up visit. Aqueous humor samples were obtained before intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor or cataract surgery. The inflammatory cytokine profile in the aqueous humor of each DME subtype was analyzed to explore potential contributions. RESULTS: The BCVA in the diffuse retinal thickening group was significantly improved at the last follow-up (p = 0.006), but no significant change in central subfield thickness was observed. Conversely, the BCVA in the cystoid macular edema and serous retinal detachment groups did not significantly improve, although a significant reduction in central subfield thickness was observed in both groups at the final follow-up (both p < 0.05). Principal component analysis of proteomic data revealed clear segregation between samples from patients with different DME subtypes and those from the control group. 59 proteins were found to be significantly regulated in the diffuse retinal thickening group compared to those in the control group. Of these, 10 proteins were upregulated, whereas 49 were downregulated. In the cystoid macular edema group, 30 proteins were significantly regulated, with 8 proteins upregulated and 22 downregulated. In the serous retinal detachment group, 87 proteins showed significant changes: 24 exhibited increased expression and 63 decreased expression. CONCLUSIONS: The diffuse retinal thickening subtype showed a better response and cystoid macular edema was the most common morphological subtype of DME after intravitreal injection treatment in real-world clinical observations. The variations in protein expression of aqueous humor suggested distinct pathological mechanisms for each DME subtype, laying the groundwork for more targeted treatment strategies.", "keywords": [ "diabetic macular edema", "aqueous humor biomarkers", "intravitreal anti-VEGF injection", "cystoid macular edema", "serous retinal detachment", "central subfield thickness", "best-corrected visual acuity", "inflammatory cytokines" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12886-025-04186-6", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 2, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4411881740", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-real-world-clinical-insights-and-aqueous/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04186-6" }, { "slug": "2025-tear-matrix-metalloproteinases-9-and-ocular", "title": "Tear matrix metalloproteinases-9 and ocular surface parameters in diabetics: a cross-sectional study in Shenyang, China", "authors": [ { "name": "Zhe Qu", "orcid": "0000-0001-8568-0460" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Ling Yang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-01-01", "type": "article", "venue": "BMJ Open", "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087530", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Overexpression of tear matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) on the ocular surface tissues has been reported to result in ocular surface damage. MMP-9 levels in tears have been listed as one of many tools for confirming dry eye disease (DED). OBJECTIVE: This investigation aimed to compare MMP-9 levels and ocular surface parameters in diabetic patients with and without DED. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: He Eye Specialist Hospital, Shenyang, China. PARTICIPANTS: This study recruited 144 right eyes of 144 diabetic patients between November and December of 2023, and 110 patients with similar propensity scores were included in the analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Non-invasive breakup time (NITBUT), tear film lipid layer (TFLL), conjunctival hyperaemia (redness score (RS)), corneoconjunctival staining (CS), corneal sensitivity and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire were evaluated. MMP-9 was measured using an immunochromatography assay. RESULTS: In total, 55 patients (55 eyes) were grouped as diabetic dry eye (DDE) and 55 patients (55 eyes) as diabetic non-dry eye (DNDE). The mean MMP-9 concentrations were higher in patients with DDE than DNDE (70.63±52.06 ng/mL vs 33.98±33.93 ng/mL; p<0.001). The optimal cut-off value of MMP-9 to predict DED in diabetic patients was>52.5 ng/mL, with 58.2% sensitivity and 78.2% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: MMP-9 concentration was higher in patients with DDE than DNDE. The MMP-9 test is a potential diagnostic tool for DDE. It may help follow-up diabetic patients with DED and guide clinicians in deciding on anti-inflammatory treatments for these patients.", "keywords": [ "MMP-9", "ocular surface disease", "dry eye diagnosis", "tear film lipid layer", "conjunctival hyperemia", "corneal sensitivity", "Ocular Surface Disease Index", "diabetic patients" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/15/1/e087530.full.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 8, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4406063554", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-tear-matrix-metalloproteinases-9-and-ocular/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087530" }, { "slug": "2025-the-impact-of-glycemic-control-and", "title": "The impact of glycemic control and duration of diabetes on clinical manifestation of ocular surface in middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetic population", "authors": [ { "name": "Anran Xuan", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Zhongfang Zhang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Qi Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Wanting Li", "orcid": "0000-0001-6546-7849" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Fei Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-7930-5485" }, { "name": "Yue Huang", "orcid": "0000-0003-3529-6131" }, { "name": "Ruibo Yang", "orcid": "0000-0001-5085-6497" }, { "name": "Hui Liu", "orcid": "0009-0003-3273-6979" }, { "name": "Xiaorong Li", "orcid": "0000-0001-6918-3165" }, { "name": "Shaozhen Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0001-7646-2699" }, { "name": "Chen Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-9078-8695" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-04-30", "type": "preprint", "venue": "Research Square", "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-6259419/v1", "abstract": "Abstract Purpose To investigate the impact of glycemic control and duration of diabetes on clinical manifestation of dry eye in middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetic population of Tianjin, Northern China. Methods Participants aged over 50 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled from December 2019 to August 2022. Systemic and ophthalmic examinations were performed, and diabetic status was screened. Diabetic participants were grouped according to HbA1c levels (HbA1c", "keywords": [ "type 2 diabetes", "dry eye", "glycemic control", "HbA1c", "diabetes duration", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "ocular surface", "middle-aged and older adults" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6259419/latest.pdf", "oa_status": "green", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4413265498", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-the-impact-of-glycemic-control-and/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6259419/v1" }, { "slug": "2025-to-evaluate-the-effects-of-artificial", "title": "To evaluate the effects of artificial tears on ocular biological parameters in dry eye and non-dry eye patients", "authors": [ { "name": "Yimeng Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-0588-8307" }, { "name": "Mingze Li", "orcid": "0000-0001-8507-8613" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Jiahui Zhao", "orcid": "0009-0006-4620-7738" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-04-11", "type": "article", "venue": "Scientific Reports", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-025-95801-5", "abstract": "To analyze the changes in ocular biometry readings in patients with dry eye (DE) and non-dry eye (NDE) after instilling artificial tear drop (ATD). A prospective study was conducted on 98 eyes of 98 patients (DE group, n = 54 eyes; NDE group, n = 44 eyes) who underwent ocular biometry with four consecutive measurements using the IOL Master 700. The baseline flat meridian of the anterior corneal surface (K1), steep meridian of the anterior corneal surface (K2), corneal curvature radius(R1, R2), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), white-to-white corneal diameter (WTW), pupil diameter, non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) and tear meniscus height, (TMH) was measured at baseline, 30-s, 2-min, and 5-min intervals after instilling one drop of ATD. Variability in biometry measurements was assessed and compared. The mean age of the NDE group and DE group was 27.09 ± 10.21 years (30 females, 68.18%) and 29.96 ± 12.08 years (38 females, 70.37%), respectively. Following the application of ATD, intergroup comparisons revealed significant changes in K1 at 2 min and 5 min (p = 0.043, p = 0.043, and p = 0.038, respectively), and significant changes in R1 and R2 at 2 min. Intragroup comparisons showed that AL exhibited significant changes at 30 s (p < 0.001), while CCT demonstrated significant alterations across all time points (p < 0.001). Changes in ACD were observed at 30 s and 2 min in the dry eye group, and pupil diameter showed significant changes at 2 min in both the DE and NDE groups. No significant changes were detected in WTW at any point (all p > 0.05). Artificial tears significantly affect the readings of AL and CCT during ocular biometry. It is recommended to wait for at least 5 min after the installation of eye drops before performing ocular biometry measurements.", "keywords": [ "artificial tears", "dry eye", "ocular biometry", "axial length", "central corneal thickness", "anterior chamber depth", "corneal curvature", "pupil size" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-95801-5.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 8, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4409376657", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-to-evaluate-the-effects-of-artificial/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95801-5" }, { "slug": "2025-two-year-outcomes-of-repeated-red", "title": "Two-year outcomes of repeated red light therapy in premyopic children: sustained efficacy and rebound effects", "authors": [ { "name": "Guihua Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9669-3774" }, { "name": "Na Li", "orcid": "0009-0002-3144-2277" }, { "name": "Hua Rong", "orcid": "0000-0002-4189-0893" }, { "name": "Jiamei Hu", "orcid": "0000-0002-5111-6746" }, { "name": "Enpei Pei", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Bei Du", "orcid": "0000-0002-0947-1541" }, { "name": "Ruihua Wei", "orcid": "0000-0002-9708-0355" } ], "year": 2025, "date": "2025-10-09", "type": "article", "venue": "British Journal of Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1136/bjo-2025-327600", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: To evaluate the long-term prevention effectiveness and rebound effect of repeated red light therapy (RRLT) in children with premyopia over 2 years. METHODS: A total of 108 premyopic children (cycloplegia spherical equivalent refraction (SER): -0.50 to +0.75 D) were enrolled and followed for 24 months. Participants were randomly assigned to the RRLT or control groups. The RRLT was administered two times per day for 3 min per session, with at least 4-hour interval. At the beginning of the second year, participants receiving RRLT were further randomised into continued treatment and washout subgroups. Axial length (AL), SER and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SChT) were measured. RESULTS: Over 2 years, the RRLT group showed significantly smaller AL elongation (0.26 mm; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.35 mm) and SER progression (-0.21 D; 95% CI -0.35 to -0.08 D) compared with the controls (AL: 0.43 mm; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.49 mm; SER: -0.66 D; 95% CI -0.79 to -0.52 D). The RRLT group also demonstrated significantly less SChT thinning (-2.44 µm; 95% CI -16.11 to 11.23 µm) than the controls (-44.12 µm; 95% CI -53.05 to -35.19 µm). After RRLT cessation in the second year, the washout subgroup exhibited significantly faster AL elongation and more SChT thinning than the controls, with no significant difference in SER progression. CONCLUSIONS: The 2-year RRLT intervention effectively retarded AL elongation and SER progression in premyopic children by 0.17 mm and -0.45 D, respectively. Notably, a significant rebound effect was observed in AL growth following 1-year RRLT cessation.", "keywords": [ "red light therapy", "low-level laser therapy", "myopia prevention", "axial elongation", "choroidal thickness", "rebound effect", "children", "washout period" ], "themes": [ "myopia" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 7, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4415023330", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2025-two-year-outcomes-of-repeated-red/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo-2025-327600" }, { "slug": "2024-a-multi-comparison-of-8-different", "title": "A Multi Comparison of 8 Different Intraocular Lens Biometry Formulae, Including a Machine Learning Thin Lens Formula (MM) and an Inbuilt Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Ray Tracing Formula", "authors": [ { "name": "Richard N. McNeely", "orcid": "0000-0002-2606-3582" }, { "name": "Katherine McGinnity", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Stephen Stewart", "orcid": "0000-0002-8682-825X" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08-28", "type": "article", "venue": "Vision", "doi": "10.3390/vision8030049", "abstract": "A comparison of the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulae, including SRK/T, HofferQ, Holladay 1, Haigis, MM, Barrett Universal II (BUII), Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO), and AS-OCT ray tracing, was performed. One hundred eyes implanted with either the Rayone EMV RAO200E (Rayner Intraocular Lenses Limited, Worthing, UK) or the Artis Symbiose (Cristalens Industrie, Lannion, France) IOL were included. Biometry was obtained using IOLMaster 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) and MS-39 AS-OCT (CSO, Firenze, Italy). Mean (MAE) and median (MedAE) absolute errors and percentage of eyes within ±0.25D, ±0.50D, ±0.75D, and ±1.00D of the target were compared, with ±0.75D considered a key metric. The highest percentage within ±0.75D was found with MM (96%) followed by the Haigis (94%) for the enhanced monofocal IOL. SRK/T (94%) had the highest percentage within ±0.75D, followed by Holladay 1, MM, BUII, and ray tracing (all 90%) for the multifocal IOL. No statistically significant difference in MAE was found with both IOLs. EVO showed the lowest MAE for the enhanced monofocal and ray tracing for the multifocal IOL. EVO and ray tracing showed the lowest MedAE for the two respective IOLs. A similar performance with high accuracy across formulae was found. MM and ray tracing appear to have similar accuracy to the well-established formulae and displayed a high percentage of eyes within ±0.75D.", "keywords": [ "intraocular lens power calculation", "anterior segment optical coherence tomography", "ray tracing", "SRK/T formula", "Haigis formula", "Holladay 1 formula", "Barrett Universal II formula", "multifocal intraocular lens" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery", "ai-imaging" ], "open_access_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5150/8/3/49/pdf?version=1724858225", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 2, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4401945725", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-a-multi-comparison-of-8-different/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/vision8030049" }, { "slug": "2024-a-protocol-for-a-single-center", "title": "A protocol for a single center, randomized, controlled trial assessing the effects of spectacles or orthokeratology on dry eye parameters in children and adolescents", "authors": [ { "name": "Yilin Song", "orcid": "0000-0002-9664-2029" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-5774-1032" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-2755-9504" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-09-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Heliyon", "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37779", "abstract": "Background: The prevalence of myopia among adolescents is increasing precipitously in China, and the popularity of orthokeratology (OK) lenses as an effective treatment for controlling myopia progression is rising. This protocol assessed and compared the clinical dry eye parameters in children and adolescents with myopia treated with spectacles or OK lenses. Methods and analysis: This single-masked randomized control trial will include 300 participants (aged 8-17 years) with myopia treated with OK lens (study group) or spectacles (control group). We will record the ocular surface disease index, visual analog scale score, noninvasive tear breakup time, tear meniscus height, meibomian gland score, ocular redness score, visual acuity, tear Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 concentration, tear Lymphotoxin alpha levels at baseline, and after 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month. Discussion: This study will be a standardized, scientific, clinical trial designed to evaluate the dry eye parameters in children and adolescents with myopia treated with OK lenses for myopia control. Ethics and dissemination: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of He Eye Specialist Hospital [ethics approval number: IRB(2023)K024.01]. Before participating in the trial, written informed consent will be obtained from all patient's parents or guardians. The findings of this study will be showcased at both local and international conferences and will also be submitted for publication in reputable peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT06023108 {2a, 2b}.", "keywords": [ "orthokeratology", "myopia control", "dry eye", "spectacle", "children and adolescents", "tear film break-up time", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "Ocular Surface Disease Index" ], "themes": [ "myopia", "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37779", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 2, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4402469169", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-a-protocol-for-a-single-center/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37779" }, { "slug": "2024-clinical-ocular-surface-characteristics-and-expression", "title": "Clinical ocular surface characteristics and expression of MUC5AC in diabetics: a population-based study", "authors": [ { "name": "Zijie Fang", "orcid": "0009-0008-4369-2293" }, { "name": "Ke Liu", "orcid": "0009-0004-0089-1410" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Fei Ran Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-2455-4986" }, { "name": "Lianqing Chang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Zhongfang Zhang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Caijie Zhang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Caijie Zhang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yue Huang", "orcid": "0000-0003-3529-6131" }, { "name": "Ruibo Yang", "orcid": "0000-0001-5085-6497" }, { "name": "Hui Liu", "orcid": "0009-0003-3273-6979" }, { "name": "Chen Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-9078-8695" }, { "name": "Chen Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-9078-8695" }, { "name": "Shaozhen Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0001-7646-2699" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-07-28", "type": "article", "venue": "Eye", "doi": "10.1038/s41433-024-03252-5", "abstract": "Objectives To investigate the clinical characteristics and the expression of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with or without dry eye disease. Methods A total of 399 participants (796 eyes) aged 50-80 years were enrolled in this study. Participants were divided into 4 groups: non-diabetic without dry eye group (normal group), non-diabetic with dry eye group, diabetic without dry eye group and diabetic with dry eye group. Demographic information, fasting plasma glucose (FBG), and glycated haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) data were collected. Additionally, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, signs of dry eye, tear osmolarity, and meibomian glands were evaluated. Tear MUC5AC expression and conjunctival goblet cells density (GCD) were tested. Results Compared with non-diabetic with dry eye group, diabetic with dry eye group showed significantly lower tear film osmolarity (TFO), but higher corneal fluorescein and conjunctival lissamine green staining scores. In comparison with diabetic without dry eye group, diabetic with dry eye group showed significantly higher TFO, corneal fluorescein and conjunctival lissamine green staining scorers. The MUC5AC concentration and GCD of diabetic with dry eye group was significantly lower than those of the non-diabetic with dry eye group. Diabetic subjects with higher HbA1c levels (≥7.8%) showed higher TFO and shorter fluorescein tear break time. Conclusion Diabetics with dry eye exhibited notably higher corneal fluorescein and conjunctival lissamine green staining scores. Conjunctival goblet cells and MUC5AC were significantly reduced in diabetics. Higher TFO was associated with the duration of diabetes and HbA1c levels.", "keywords": [ "MUC5AC", "mucin", "ocular surface disease", "conjunctival goblet cells", "tear osmolarity", "HbA1c", "fluorescein staining", "lissamine green staining" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11543803/pdf/41433_2024_Article_3252.pdf", "oa_status": "green", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 11, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4401063101", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-clinical-ocular-surface-characteristics-and-expression/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-024-03252-5" }, { "slug": "2024-comparison-of-non-pharmaceutical-treatments-for", "title": "Comparison of non-pharmaceutical treatments for evaporative dry eye: a randomised controlled study protocol", "authors": [ { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-02-01", "type": "article", "venue": "BMJ Open", "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078727", "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: The lipid layer of the tear film is critical to maintaining the integrity of the tear film and absence in the tear film lipid layer (TFLL) is one of the main causes of evaporative dry eye (EDE) in dry eye disease patients, resulting in excessive evaporation (so-called hyperevaporative dry eye). This study protocol will be designed to assess and compare the effects of intense pulsed light (IPL), heated eye mask (HEM), vectored thermal pulsation system (VTPS) and eyelid massage device (EMD) for improving signs and symptoms of EDE. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Patients with EDE will be randomly divided into IPL, HEM, VTPS and EMD groups and will be followed up for 6 weeks. The primary outcome measure will be non-invasive tear breakup time (NITBUT). The secondary outcome measures will include, TFLL score, meibomian gland quality and expressibility change from baseline conjunctivocorneal staining with fluorescein and lissamine, tear meniscus height, conjunctival hyperaemia (redness score) and ocular surface disease index questionnaire. Additionally, adverse events will be monitored and documented. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval number: IRB(2023)K019.01. The findings will be shared regardless of the effect's direction. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05923528.", "keywords": [ "evaporative dry eye", "non-pharmacological treatment", "intense pulsed light", "tear film lipid layer", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "tear meniscus height", "conjunctival hyperemia", "ocular surface disease" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/14/2/e078727.full.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 3, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4392202548", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-comparison-of-non-pharmaceutical-treatments-for/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078727" }, { "slug": "2024-comparison-of-therapeutic-effects-of-0", "title": "Comparison of therapeutic effects of 0.05% Cyclosporine A versus 0.1% Fluorometholone in Chinese patients with mild dry eye unresponsive to artificial tears: a randomized control study", "authors": [ { "name": "Huijuan Gao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Lu Zhao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Aoxue Du", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Xia Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-9388-7856" }, { "name": "Mengdi Chai", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Lin Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-1193-3098" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Ruihua Wei", "orcid": "0000-0002-9708-0355" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-11-27", "type": "article", "venue": "BMC Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1186/s12886-024-03771-5", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: To assess and compare the therapeutic outcomes of 0.05% Cyclosporine A (CsA) ophthalmic solution versus 0.1% Fluorometholone (FML) eyedrops in Chinese patients with mild dry eye disease (DED) unresponsive to conventional artificial tears (AT). METHODS: A total of 43 patients with mild DED, who have failed to respond to conventional AT therapy for over 3 months, were randomly assigned to receive either 0.05% CsA or 0.1% FML twice daily for 6-months. In addition, all the patients were instructed to use 0.1% SH 4 times a day as supplementary therapy. Dry eye examination, including Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), Schirmer scores, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) scores, and conjunctival goblet cell (CGC) density, intraocular pressure (IOP), Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was conducted at baseline and then evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Corneal endothelial cell density, corneal dendritic cells (DCs) and nerves were assessed by in vivo confocal microscopy at baseline and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: At 3 and 6 months after treatment, OSDI scores in the 0.05% CsA group showed more improvement than those in the 0.1% FML group. CFS was significantly lower and Schirmer scores were significantly higher in 0.05% CsA group compared with 0.1% FML group. NIBUT improved significantly in both groups, with greater improvement in the 0.05% CsA group at the 1-, 3-, and 6-month visits. Throughout the duration of the study, the 0.1% FML group exhibited no notable enhancement in CGC density. Conversely, a substantial elevation in CGC density was observed in the 0.05% CsA group. After 6 months of treatment, significantly reduced corneal DC density and area were obtained in 0.05% CsA group as compared to 0.1% FML group, while there were no significant changes in cornea nerve fiber density, cornea nerve fiber length and cornea nerve fiber width in both groups. Additionally, after 6 months of treatment, neither group showed any statistically significant changes in IOP, BCVA or in corneal endothelial cell density. CONCLUSION: The administration of 0.05% CsA proved effective in managing mild DED, offering a supplementary advantage in improving Schirmer scores, restoring CGC density and reducing corneal DC density compared to 0.1% FML eyedrops. Consequently, 0.05% CsA eyedrops are recommended as a safe and efficacious therapeutic alternative for patients with mild DED who fail to respond to conventional tear substitutes therapy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200066441, Registered 06 December 2022-Retrospectively registered.", "keywords": [ "cyclosporine", "fluorometholone", "dry eye", "artificial tears", "corticosteroid therapy", "ocular surface disease", "conjunctival goblet cells", "corneal dendritic cells" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12886-024-03771-5", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 7, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4404759734", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-comparison-of-therapeutic-effects-of-0/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-024-03771-5" }, { "slug": "2024-effects-of-corneal-epithelial-remodeling-on", "title": "Effects of corneal epithelial remodeling on corneal asphericity after FS-LASIK and Trans-PRK: A prospective study", "authors": [ { "name": "Mingyu Xu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Fan Yang", "orcid": "0000-0002-1044-7821" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Qiwei Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Zheng Kun Yang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7367-6453" }, { "name": "Yue Huang", "orcid": "0000-0003-3597-6030" }, { "name": "Shaozhen Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0001-7646-2699" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-10-25", "type": "article", "venue": "Indian Journal of Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.4103/ijo.ijo_623_24", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To observe the changes in corneal epithelial thickness after FS-LASIK and Trans-PRK surgery and to investigate the impact of corneal epithelial remodeling on Q-value and HOA. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 50 patients (100 eyes) underwent FS-LASIK and 45 patients (90 eyes) underwent Trans-PRK. Anterior segment OCT was used to measure the corneal epithelial thickness in different corneal zones (central zone: 0-2 mm; paracentral zone: 2-5 mm; and mid-peripheral zone: 5-6 mm) preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The correlation between △CET in the superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal region at 6 months postoperatively and △Q and △HOA was analyzed. RESULTS: At 6 months postoperatively, the epithelial thickness increased in the central, paracentral, and mid-peripheral zones in FS-LASIK and Trans-PRK. Central epithelial thickness and different regions of the paracentral zone and mid-peripheral exhibited significant thickening ( P < 0.001). In the para-central zone and mid-peripheral zone, the △CET in different regions after LASIK and Trans-PRK was positively correlated with △Q ( P < 0.05) and △HOA ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: After FS-LASIK and Trans-PRK, significant epithelial thickening was observed. Epithelial changes in different regions lead to different Q-values in different regions and have different effects on HOA. This has a certain guiding significance for the design of refractive surgery, and minimizing the increase of Q-value may improve the postoperative visual quality.", "keywords": [ "corneal epithelial thickness", "FS-LASIK", "corneal asphericity", "Q-value", "higher-order aberrations", "refractive surgery", "postoperative visual quality", "anterior segment OCT" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery", "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_623_24", "oa_status": "diamond", "license": "cc-by-nc-sa", "pdf": null, "citations": 10, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4403781925", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-effects-of-corneal-epithelial-remodeling-on/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_623_24" }, { "slug": "2024-immediate-sequential-changes-in-the-tear", "title": "Immediate sequential changes in the tear film lipid layer following eyelid massage in dry eye syndrome: A comparative control study", "authors": [ { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08-20", "type": "article", "venue": "Heliyon", "doi": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36590", "abstract": "Background/Purpose: Meibomian glands are sebaceous glands that release meibum onto the ocular surface; enhancing the quality and quantity of meibum secretions has been proven to improve signs and symptoms of evaporative dry eye (EDE) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of a heated eye mask (HEM) and eyelid massage device EyePeace (EP) in alleviating signs and symptoms of evaporative dry eye. Methods: Forty dry eye participants were recruited in a prospective, contralateral-eye trial study. After undergoing 10 min of HEM therapy, eyelid massage therapy was applied to one eye by the device. The efficiency was assessed at four time points: baseline (0 min), 5 min (5 min), 15 min (15 min), and 30 min (30 min). Non-invasive breakup time (NITBUT), redness score (RS Score), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear-film lipid layer (TFLL), endothelial cell count (ECC), meibomian gland expressibility (MGEx), meibomian gland quality (MGQ), conjunctivocorneal staining (CS), ocular surface temperature (OST), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT) flat-axis keratometry value (K1), and steep-axis keratometry value (K2), were examined. Results: > 0.05) at all test time points. Conclusion: The application of a heated eye mask followed by a gentle massage using EyePeace on the eyelids can have a sustained improvement in the tear film lipid layer and meibomian gland expressivity score but not clinically significant, and does not pose any significant immediate impact on the cornea.Trial registration number: NCT06158997.", "keywords": [ "evaporative dry eye", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "eyelid massage", "tear film lipid layer", "meibum", "meibomian gland expressibility", "ocular surface temperature", "corneal endothelial cell count" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36590", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 3, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4402582469", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-immediate-sequential-changes-in-the-tear/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36590" }, { "slug": "2024-inos-ablation-promotes-corneal-wound-healing", "title": "INOS ablation promotes corneal wound healing via activation of Akt signaling", "authors": [ { "name": "Ziwen Sun", "orcid": "0000-0002-5992-6444" }, { "name": "Kunpeng Lu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Qing He", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yang Tang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Haoru Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Lizhi Hu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2933-2207" }, { "name": "Ruihua Wei", "orcid": "0000-0002-9708-0355" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-04-05", "type": "article", "venue": "Experimental Eye Research", "doi": "10.1016/j.exer.2024.109886", "abstract": "Corneal injury leads to impaired normal structure of the cornea. Improving the wound healing process in epithelial cells significantly contributes to ocular damage treatments. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of nitric oxide (NO) and its mediator, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in the process of corneal wound healing. We established a corneal injury model of iNOS -/- mice, and treated human corneal epithelial cell lines (HCE-2) with the iNOS inhibitor L-INL, with or without NO replenishment by supplying sodium nitroferricyanide dihydrate (SNP). Our findings showed that inhibition of NO/iNOS accelerated corneal repair, enhanced uPAR (a receptor protein indicating the migration ability), and improved epithelial cell migration. Furthermore, NO/iNOS ablation activated Akt phosphorylation, reduced neutrophil marker protein MPO expression, and downregulated the transcription of inflammation cytokines CXCL-1, CXCL-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. However, the protective effects of NO/iNOS inhibition are significantly reduced by NO replenishment when treated with SNP. Therefore, we confirmed that inhibiting NO/iNOS improved the corneal wound healing by facilitating epithelial cell migration and reducing inflammatory reactions, which might be related to the activation of the Akt signaling pathway.", "keywords": [ "inducible nitric oxide synthase", "nitric oxide", "corneal wound healing", "corneal epithelial cells", "Akt signaling", "epithelial cell migration", "uPAR", "neutrophil infiltration" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 5, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4393970933", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-inos-ablation-promotes-corneal-wound-healing/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2024.109886" }, { "slug": "2024-management-of-glaucoma-related-dry-eye", "title": "Management of Glaucoma-Related Dry Eye Disease with Intense Pulsed Light: A Randomized Control Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Hongda Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7768-0169" }, { "name": "Yifan Qi", "orcid": "0000-0001-7750-6729" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0001-8653-8861" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Huixin Che", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-07-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Clinical ophthalmology", "doi": "10.2147/opth.s471426", "abstract": "Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy in individuals diagnosed with glaucoma and dry eye disease (DED). Methods: This randomized control study recruited 22 individuals diagnosed with glaucoma, ranging in age from 33 to 82 years. These participants were undergoing treatment with hypotensive eyedrops and had clinical indications and subjective complaints associated with dry eye. Each patient underwent three sessions of IPL therapy in one eye, while the contralateral eye served as the control eye (CT). The following parameters were assessed at three time points: baseline, week-2, and week-4. These parameters include non-invasive breakup time (NITBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), conjunctivocorneal epithelial staining score (CS), tear film lipid layer (TFLL), meibomian gland expressibility score (MGEx), Schirmer I test, ocular bulbar redness score (OBRS), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI). Intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and corneal endothelial cell count (ECC) were assessed for safety. The clinical trial was registered on 25/12/2023 at ClinicalTrials.gov website (NCT06158984). Results: Comparing baseline and 4-week measurements revealed that the IPL group found significant improvements in NITBUT (IPL: 8.74± 2.60 sec. vs CT: 5.76± 1.75 sec. p < 0.01), TMH (IPL: 0.23± 0.05mm vs CT: 0.19± 0.06mm, p =0.011), C.S. (IPL: 1.14± 0.56 vs CT: 1.95± 1.17, p =0.005), TFLL (IPL: 2.91± 2.91 vs CT:3.36± 0.58, p =0.047), MGEx score (IPL: 1.14± 0.35 vs CT: 1.45± 0.51, p =0.020) and OSDI scores (IPL: 31.77± 15.59 vs 50.59± 21.55, p =0.002) significantly improved. Conversely, other parameters showed no significant improvements ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: The progression of ocular surface disease in individuals using topical anti-glaucoma medication may worsen if the condition is not addressed. Nevertheless, IPL therapy has the potential to result in significant improvements in both objective and subjective measures of dry eye. Best-corrected visual acuity, endothelial cell count, and intraocular pressure were determined to be within the permitted limits. No adverse events were reported during the course of the study. Plain Language Summary: The results show that people who use topical medicines to treat glaucoma may get worse eye surface disease if they do not treat the problem. IPL treatment, on the other hand, can make a big difference in both objective and subjective dry eye tests. The vision, endothelial cell count, and the pressure inside the eye were all found to be within normal limits after the IPL treatment. Even though the people in our study had glaucoma and had been taking glaucoma medicine for it for a year and the fact that the symptoms last for a long time may also change the results. Also, DED caused by glaucoma medication is complicated, with a lot of different symptoms and signs, even in the same stage. Also, subjective complaints may not match up with clinical signs. The type, amount, and length of anti-glaucoma drugs may have affected the results. Keywords: glaucoma, intense pulsed light, dry eye, meibomian glands, glaucoma-related dry eye", "keywords": [ "intense pulsed light therapy", "glaucoma", "dry eye", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "ocular surface disease", "tear film break-up time", "tear meniscus height", "meibomian gland expressibility" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface", "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s471426", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 5, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400663287", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-management-of-glaucoma-related-dry-eye/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s471426" }, { "slug": "2024-no-side-effects-on-rabbit-retina", "title": "No side effects on rabbit retina or vitreous microenvironment by nd:YAG laser vitreolysis", "authors": [ { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Mingqin Zhang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Bing Heng Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2739-5124" }, { "name": "Yuanlong An", "orcid": "0000-0003-4704-3158" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Rong Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-4965-5310" }, { "name": "Lijun Shen", "orcid": "0000-0002-7518-2932" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-04-16", "type": "article", "venue": "BMC Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1186/s12886-024-03406-9", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: To explore the safety of Neodymium:Yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser vitreolysis based on the histological examination of the retina and the alteration of vitreous cytokines in the rabbits. METHODS: Nine male New Zealand rabbits underwent Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis of 10 mJ x 500 pulses in the left eyes, while the right eyes were used as controls. Intraocular pressure, color fundus photography, and ultrasound B scan were measured before, as well as 1 day, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis. Three rabbits were euthanized 1 day, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment, respectively. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining were used to look for pathological changes in the retina. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and some inflammatory cytokines, including interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interlenkin 6 (IL-6) in the vitreous humor. The ascorbic acid (AsA) and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) in the vitreous humor were also measured. RESULTS: Following Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis, the levels of VEGF, IP-10, MCP-1, IL6, AsA, and TRAP in the vitreous humor did not change substantially (P > 0.05). There were no detectable pathological changes in the retinal tissues, and no apoptotic signal was found. CONCLUSIONS: Rabbits tolerate Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis without observable impact on retinal tissue or the microenvironment of the vitreous.", "keywords": [ "retinal toxicity", "vitreous humor", "vascular endothelial growth factor", "inflammatory cytokines", "oxidative stress", "vitamin C", "apoptosis", "rabbit model" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12886-024-03406-9.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 2, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4394847945", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-no-side-effects-on-rabbit-retina/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-024-03406-9" }, { "slug": "2024-prevalence-of-dry-eye-in-people", "title": "Prevalence of dry eye in people over 50 years old in Beichen district, Tianjin city: a cross-sectional population-based survey", "authors": [ { "name": "Lianqing Chang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Qian Guo", "orcid": "0009-0005-2540-9958" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Fei Ran Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-2455-4986" }, { "name": "Zhongfang Zhang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Zijie Fang", "orcid": "0009-0008-4369-2293" }, { "name": "Yue Huang", "orcid": "0000-0003-3529-6131" }, { "name": "Ruibo Yang", "orcid": "0000-0001-5085-6497" }, { "name": "Hui Liu", "orcid": "0000-0003-0611-1572" }, { "name": "Xiaorong Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Chen Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-9078-8695" }, { "name": "Shaozhen Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0003-0907-3436" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08-05", "type": "article", "venue": "BMC Public Health", "doi": "10.1186/s12889-024-19616-1", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: A cross-sectional population-based survey in the Beichen district of Tianjin was conducted to estimate the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) among the population over 50 years old with Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) II and Chinese expert consensus (CEC) criteria. METHODS: A total of 5791 subjects over 50 years old were enrolled. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, lipid layer thickness (LLT), partial blink ratio (PBR), fluorescein tear film breakup time (FBUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), fluorescein staining, meibomian gland dropout, meibomian gland expression scores (MES) and quantity scores (MQS) was assessed. Additionally, basic information, weight, disease history, living habits, anxiety, and depression condition were collected. RESULTS: According to the CEC, the prevalence of DED was 39.0%, whereas 44.0% based on DEWS II. The prevalence of DED increased with age and was substantially greater among women (41.1%, 95% CI, 39.5-42.6%) than males (35.1%, 95% CI, 33.1 -37.2%) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the severity of DED was more severe in women (p = 0.006). The associated risk factors were age, female, depression, smoking, insomnia, and glaucoma. On the other hand, 53.6% of these populations were diagnosed as asymptomatic DED, and the morbidity was higher in males (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DED in China was relatively high, which was associated with aging, female(sex), depression, smoking and sleep problems. Hence, it is crucial for clinicians and caregivers to be aware of the existence of asymptomatic DED within the susceptible population.", "keywords": [ "dry eye", "prevalence", "older adults", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "meibomian gland dropout", "meibomian gland expression", "tear film break-up time", "Schirmer test" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19616-1", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 10, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4401339753", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-prevalence-of-dry-eye-in-people/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19616-1" }, { "slug": "2024-scleral-contact-lens-benefits-for-myopic", "title": "Scleral Contact Lens Benefits for Myopic Patients With Regular Corneas: A Prospective Randomized Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Ruixue Liang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Na Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-0604-6312" }, { "name": "Lin Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-1193-3098" }, { "name": "Bei Du", "orcid": "0000-0002-0947-1541" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Ruihua Wei", "orcid": "0000-0002-9708-0355" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-11-21", "type": "article", "venue": "Eye & Contact Lens Science & Clinical Practice", "doi": "10.1097/icl.0000000000001151", "abstract": "OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of scleral contact lens (SL) wear on the visual quality and the ocular surface wettability in myopic patients with regular corneas. METHODS: This prospective, randomized, controlled study enrolled a total of 80 myopes with regular corneas. Subjects were randomly allocated to wear SL or rigid corneal lens (RCL) for 3 months. The objective optical quality parameters were detected using the Optical Quality Analysis System-II, and the ocular surface wettability was assessed using the Keratograph 5M noninvasive ocular surface analyzer. The National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire and Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire were performed. RESULTS: Both SL and RCL wear could obtain good best-corrected visual acuity. Strehl ratio, modulation transfer function cutoff frequency, objective scattering index, and Optical Quality Analysis System values (Optical Quality Analysis System values at 100%, 20%, and 9% contrasts) in the SL group significantly improved from baseline to the third month (both P <0.05), but not in the RCL group. At the third month, tear meniscus height and noninvasive tear break-up time showed a significant increase in the SL wearers from baseline (both P <0.05), but exhibited no significant changes in the RCL group. At the third month, SL wearers had significantly higher noninvasive tear break-up time compared with RCL wearers ( P <0.05). Besides, after 3-month SL wear, the National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire score and the Ocular Surface Disease Index score both remarkably improved from baseline (both P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Short-term SL wear could provide satisfactory visual quality, ocular comfort, and stable tear film for myopic patients.", "keywords": [ "scleral lenses", "myopia", "visual quality", "optical quality", "tear film stability", "tear film break-up time", "tear meniscus height", "ocular comfort" ], "themes": [ "myopia", "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4404582322", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-scleral-contact-lens-benefits-for-myopic/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/icl.0000000000001151" }, { "slug": "2024-short-term-effects-of-ophthalmic-topical", "title": "Short-term effects of ophthalmic topical 0.01% atropine on the ocular surface, pupil size, and subsequent subjective quality of vision in young myopic Chinese adults", "authors": [ { "name": "Mingze Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yimeng Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-0588-8307" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Liangzhe Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-3620-9805" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0003-4750-5121" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-09-05", "type": "article", "venue": "Frontiers in Medicine", "doi": "10.3389/fmed.2024.1436551", "abstract": "Background: Daily use of low concentrations of atropine is recommended for children undergoing myopia control therapy. While the benefits of controlling myopia progression have been confirmed, the potential unwanted side effects on the ocular surface, pupil size, and quality of vision following the administration of 0.01% atropine have not been investigated. Objective: This single-arm, self-control study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of 0.01% atropine topical eye drop (He Eye Hospital Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China) on pupil size and subjective quality of vision in participants with myopia. Each 3 mL vial of eye drops contains atropine (0.01%), sodium chloride (0.9%), and benzalkonium chloride (0.005%) in an aqueous solution. Methods: Thirty-three adults (66 eyes) were recruited for the study. The mean age of the participants recruited for this study was 24.91 ± 3.36 years. This study is registered with Clinical Trials.gov (NCT06071260). Assessments were performed at baseline and 10 h, 14 h, and 18 h following the administration of 0.01% topical atropine drop (TAD). Mesopic pupil diameter (MPD), photopic pupil diameter (PPD), higher order aberration (HOA), non-invasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear film lipid layer (TFLL), and Redness score (RS). Subjective assessments included the quality of vision (QoV) and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaires. Results: > 0.05) at all time points. Conclusion: Decreased TMH, dry eye symptoms, and visual symptoms will likely persist overnight but often diminish within 18 h after using 0.01% atropine eye drops.", "keywords": [ "atropine", "myopia control", "pupil size", "ocular surface", "dry eye", "tear film", "higher-order aberrations", "visual quality" ], "themes": [ "myopia", "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1436551/pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 10, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4402267768", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-short-term-effects-of-ophthalmic-topical/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1436551" }, { "slug": "2024-the-effects-of-repeated-low-level", "title": "The Effects of Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy on the Structure and Vasculature of the Choroid and Retina in Children with Premyopia", "authors": [ { "name": "Zhuzhu Liu", "orcid": "0000-0003-1514-7905" }, { "name": "Ziwen Sun", "orcid": "0000-0003-4540-4300" }, { "name": "Bei Du", "orcid": "0000-0002-0947-1541" }, { "name": "Huaixue Gou", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Biying Wang", "orcid": "0000-0002-0963-2296" }, { "name": "Zeya Lin", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Nuo Ren", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Lin Liu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7314-4425" }, { "name": "Ruihua Wei", "orcid": "0000-0002-9708-0355" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-01-10", "type": "article", "venue": "Ophthalmology and Therapy", "doi": "10.1007/s40123-023-00875-x", "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy on the structure and vasculature of the choroid and retina in Chinese children with premyopia. METHODS: This study was a single-center randomized clinical trial. A total of 94 children with premyopia (- 0.50 D < spherical equivalent [SE] ≤ + 0.75 D) were randomly assigned to either the RLRL therapy or control group. Follow-up visits were planned at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Optical coherence biometry was used to measure axial length (AL) and anterior segment parameters. Choroidal thickness (CT), retinal thickness (RT), superficial retinal vascular density (SRVD), deep retinal vascular density (DRVD), choriocapillaris perfusion area (CCPA), and choroidal vessel volume (CVV) were measured by optical coherence tomography angiography, centered on the foveal, parafoveal (ParaF), and perifoveal (PeriF) regions. RESULTS: ) (all P < 0.05). In addition, no notable differences were observed between the groups regarding foveal RT and retinal vascular parameters throughout the 12 months (P > 0.05). Notably, RLRL therapy achieved a notable reduction in SE shift by 73.8%, a substantial decrease in AL change by 67.9%, and a significant reduction in myopia incidence by 45.1% within 1 year. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated a significant increase in CT and flow in the RLRL-treated eyes throughout the 12-months of the study. Combined with its reduction in spherical equivalent progression and axial elongation, RLRL could be used as an effective therapy for preventing progression in premyopes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2200062028.", "keywords": [ "low-level red light therapy", "low-level laser therapy", "myopia progression prevention", "choroidal thickness", "retinal thickness", "retinal vessel density", "axial length", "spherical equivalent" ], "themes": [ "retina", "myopia" ], "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40123-023-00875-x.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 61, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390701402", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-the-effects-of-repeated-low-level/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-023-00875-x" }, { "slug": "2024-the-impact-of-hydroxybutyl-chitosan-and", "title": "The impact of hydroxybutyl chitosan and 5-fluorouracil on the procedure of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy", "authors": [ { "name": "Jia Qi Lin", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Jin Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0001-5428-2187" }, { "name": "Xun Liu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Qing Wang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Li Zhu", "orcid": "0000-0002-8586-7249" }, { "name": "T.‐S. LIN", "orcid": "0000-0002-8842-4865" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-09-10", "type": "article", "venue": "Indian Journal of Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.4103/ijo.ijo_3375_23", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of hydroxybutyl chitosan (HBCS) with and without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) during endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (Endo-DCR). In addition, the present study observed the impact of HBCS and 5-FU on the functions of the nasal mucosal cell population in vivo . METHODS: Patients were randomized into HBCS (group A), HBCS combined with 5-FU (group B), and gelatin sponge control group (group C). 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology examined the conjunctival sac and nasal flora changes. In addition, CCK8, cell scratching, and flow cytometry were used to investigate the effects of HBCS and 5-FU on the nasal mucosal cell populations. RESULTS: Subjects in groups A, B, and C had anastomotic areas of 21.83 ± 12.69 mm 2 , 21.57 ± 14.53 mm 2 , and 12.45 ± 8.16 mm 2 , respectively ( P = 0.0359). Group A had less severe epiphora than the other two groups at 1-, 2-, and 12-week postoperative follow-up ( P < 0.05). Complications around the anastomosis in group A were the least severe of the three groups ( P = 0.0259). After surgery, the proportion of pathogenic bacteria in the conjunctival sac and nasal cavity was higher in groups A and B than in healthy adults. At the 2-week follow-up, the structure of nasal flora in group A was more similar to that of the healthy adults compared to group B. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative use of HBCS at the anastomose improves the postoperative outcome of En-DCR. 5-FU cannot give better postoperative results in En-DCR and is detrimental to the normalization of the postoperative flora in patients with chronic dacryocystitis. At the cellular level, both HBCS and 5-FU inhibit the migration of nasal mucosal cell populations, and 5-FU inhibits proliferation but does not promote apoptosis.", "keywords": [ "hydroxybutyl chitosan", "5-fluorouracil", "endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy", "chronic dacryocystitis", "nasal mucosa", "nasal microbiota", "anastomotic healing", "epiphora" ], "themes": [ "other" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_3375_23", "oa_status": "diamond", "license": "cc-by-nc-sa", "pdf": null, "citations": 2, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4402462093", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-the-impact-of-hydroxybutyl-chitosan-and/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_3375_23" }, { "slug": "2024-the-influence-of-corneal-thickness-on", "title": "The Influence of Corneal Thickness on Surgically Induced Corneal Astigmatism Derived from Total Keratometry Measured by Anterior Segment Swept-Source OCT", "authors": [ { "name": "Fangyu Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0002-4191-7355" }, { "name": "Yufan Yin", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Fang Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3153-2336" }, { "name": "Yuanfeng Jiang", "orcid": "0000-0002-6360-7104" }, { "name": "Shaochong Bu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9060-7361" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-07-17", "type": "article", "venue": "Ophthalmology and Therapy", "doi": "10.1007/s40123-024-00996-x", "abstract": "The purpose of the study was to explore the possible correlations between the anterior segment parameters derived from anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography (AS-SS-OCT) with the surgically induced corneal astigmatism (CSIA) calculated from total keratometry (TK) measured by AS-SS-OCT. Seventy-one eyes of 67 patients with age-related cataract who underwent phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation with 2.2-mm incision were included. The CSIA values were calculated from anterior keratometry (CSIA Kant ) and TK (CSIA TK ) measured by AS-SS-OCT, respectively. Hotelling’s T 2 test was used to evaluate the difference. The correlation of CSIA with various parameters derived from AS-SS-OCT was tested with the Spearman correlation coefficient. The centroid of CSIA Kant and of CSIA TK were 0.31 ± 0.55 D @ 54° and 0.41 ± 0.59 D @ 51°, with no significant difference ( F = 1.283, p = 0.281, Hotelling’s T 2 ). The mean absolute CSIA Kant and CSIA TK were 0.58 ± 0.24 D and 0.65 ± 0.28 D. Spearman test showed that the magnitude of CSIA Kant was negatively correlated with preoperative peripheral corneal thickness (PCT, p = 0.045) and the magnitude of anterior keratometry ( p = 0.044). The magnitude of CSIA TK was negatively correlated with preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT, p = 0.003) and preoperative PCT ( p = 0.015). The increased thickness of the peripheral cornea is correlated with the decrease in the magnitude of the CSIA. The correlation we identified between the corneal thickness and the CSIA indicated that certain preoperative parameters should be considered for the prediction of CSIA for a more precise refractive outcome.", "keywords": [ "corneal thickness", "central corneal thickness", "peripheral corneal thickness", "total keratometry", "phacoemulsification", "intraocular lens implantation", "senile cataract", "refractive outcome prediction" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface", "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-024-00996-x", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 1, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4400723587", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-the-influence-of-corneal-thickness-on/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-024-00996-x" }, { "slug": "2024-validity-of-osdi-6-questionnaire-in", "title": "Validity of OSDI-6 questionnaire in a Chinese adult population", "authors": [ { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0001-8653-8861" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" } ], "year": 2024, "date": "2024-06-21", "type": "article", "venue": "Scientific Reports", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-024-64953-1", "abstract": "This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the Chinese translation version of OSDI-6 (C-OSDI-6) using a virtual set-up questionnaire for dry eye disease. A total of 270 participants (136 males, 50.4% and 134 females, 49.6%) with a mean age of 28.22 ± 9.01 years were assessed, diagnosed under the criteria put forth by Dry Eye Workshop completed the Chinese translated version of the OSDI-12 questionnaire (C-OSDI-12). Validity and psychometric properties were analyzed using the study data on the selected items (a new approach called virtual validation). The six items were extracted from the C-OSDI-12 as suggested by the authors of OSDI-6 and compared. The total scores of C-OSDI-12 and C-OSDI-6 were 30.27 ± 13.19 and 6.95 ± 3.53, respectively. Significant reliability was found between the total C-OSDI-6 score and the total C-OSDI-12 score (r = 0.865, p < 0.001). Infits and outfits of the C-OSDI-6 were between 1.26 and 0.78.The C-OSDI-6 proved valid and psychometrically responsive in Chinese adult dry eye participants. The findings of this virtual validation study need to be confirmed in a longitudinal validation study on real-world use.", "keywords": [ "dry eye", "Chinese translation", "questionnaire validity", "virtual validation", "psychometric properties", "patient-reported outcomes", "Chinese adults" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-64953-1", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 5, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4399890026", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2024-validity-of-osdi-6-questionnaire-in/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-64953-1" }, { "slug": "2023-a-protocol-for-a-single-center", "title": "A protocol for a single center, randomized, controlled trial comparing the clinical efficacy of 3% diquafosol and 0.1% hyaluronic acid in diabetic patients with dry eye disease", "authors": [ { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Yimeng Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-0588-8307" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Liangzhe Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-3620-9805" }, { "name": "Mingze Li", "orcid": "0000-0003-2006-2965" }, { "name": "Yuan Cheng", "orcid": "0000-0003-1830-7951" }, { "name": "Shuting Zhuang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Zhihui Li", "orcid": "0000-0001-5356-932X" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-12-12", "type": "article", "venue": "Trials", "doi": "10.1186/s13063-023-07818-8", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to rise and 70% of diabetic individuals have dry eye disease (DED) that leads to subsequent abnormalities of the corneal epithelium, corneal nerves, tear film, or corneal endothelium. In addition, persons with diabetes produce fewer tear secretions than healthy individuals. While several anti-inflammatory drug-based therapies for dry eye in diabetic individuals are currently being administered, their efficacy has not been studied in detail. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 3% diquafosol (DQS) vs 0.1% hyaluronic acid (HA) eye drops in diabetic dry eye patients. METHODS: This triple-blind randomized, control trial will include 202 diabetic-related DED and will be assigned to DQS (n = 101) and HA (n = 101) one drop, six times per day for 8 weeks. Tear film lipid layer, non-invasive breakup time, conjunctivocorneal staining score, corneal sensitivity, tear MMP-9 levels, meibomian gland expression and quality, tear meniscus height, corneal nerves, immune/inflammatory cell change, conjunctival hyperemia, and ocular surface disease index questionnaire score will be assessed and compared at baseline, week 4, and week 8. DISCUSSION: This study will be a standardized, scientific, clinical trial designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and safety of DQS and HA for diabetic dry eye treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.govNCT05682547. Registered on December 05, 2022.", "keywords": [ "diquafosol", "hyaluronic acid", "eye drops", "tear film", "meibomian glands", "corneal nerves", "MMP-9", "tear film break-up time" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13063-023-07818-8", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 2, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4389623439", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-a-protocol-for-a-single-center/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-023-07818-8" }, { "slug": "2023-asymptomatic-stones-in-the-lacrimal-canaliculus", "title": "Asymptomatic stones in the lacrimal canaliculus", "authors": [ { "name": "Hongda Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7768-0169" }, { "name": "Maosheng Xu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Yifan Qi", "orcid": "0000-0001-7750-6729" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-11-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Clinical Case Reports", "doi": "10.1002/ccr3.8175", "abstract": "Key Clinical Message: Asymptomatic lacrimal canaliculus stones causing many stones without symptoms are rare. The patient recovered well within a week after dacryolith removal. This diagnosis is prevalent in this age group. However, asymptomatic nasolacrimal obstruction should be considered. Abstract: Dacryoliths, also known as symptomatic stones, are frequently observed in the lacrimal drainage system. These stones manifest through symptoms such as conjunctivitis, discharge, and epiphora. Nevertheless, the occurrence of numerous stones in the lacrimal canaliculus, in the absence of apparent symptoms, is uncommon. In this study, we present a case with the presence of several stones within the inferior lacrimal canaliculus. A female patient, aged 74, appeared with bilateral senile cataracts and was scheduled for cataract surgery. During a standard ocular examination, it was observed that the tear meniscus height in the left eye had a greater magnitude compared with the right eye. Canaliculitis with dacryolith was verified using a series of diagnostic procedures, including physical inspection, fluorescent dye disappearance test, palpation, 50 Mhz ultrasound biomicroscope scan, and irrigation of the lacrimal canaliculi. Upon surgical investigation, the canaliculus obstruction was confirmed, characterized by the existence of many tiny dacryolith formations inside the inferior canalicular system. Following the surgical excision of the dacryoliths, the patient experienced a full remission within a week. While it is common for individuals in this age range to receive this diagnosis, it is important to consider silent nasolacrimal blockage as a potential alternative diagnosis. It is important to note that the presence of dacryoliths in the lacrimal drainage system might manifest independently of conjunctivitis. No discernible risk indicators were found in relation to the aforementioned patient.", "keywords": [ "dacryoliths", "canaliculitis", "nasolacrimal duct obstruction", "lacrimal drainage system", "epiphora", "tear meniscus height", "cataract surgery", "elderly patients" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.8175", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 1, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4388947840", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-asymptomatic-stones-in-the-lacrimal-canaliculus/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.8175" }, { "slug": "2023-bilateral-acute-macular-neuroretinopathy-amn-following", "title": "Bilateral acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) following COVID-19 infection in China.", "authors": [ { "name": "Liangzhe Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-3620-9805" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Yifan Qi", "orcid": "0000-0001-7750-6729" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0009-0000-4468-0325" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-2755-9504" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" }, { "name": "Tongtong Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-8062-2712" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-10-25", "type": "preprint", "venue": null, "doi": "10.22541/au.169821573.38730921/v1", "abstract": "", "keywords": [ "acute macular neuroretinopathy", "COVID-19 pandemic" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387938388", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-bilateral-acute-macular-neuroretinopathy-amn-following/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169821573.38730921/v1" }, { "slug": "2023-blood-inflammatory-biomarkers-in-participants-with", "title": "Blood inflammatory biomarkers in participants with idiopathic epiretinal membrane: A retrospective case series study", "authors": [ { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Yue You", "orcid": "0000-0002-1009-6435" }, { "name": "Mingxin Shang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-06-30", "type": "article", "venue": "Medicine", "doi": "10.1097/md.0000000000034225", "abstract": "The objective was to evaluate the levels of monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM). This retrospective case series study comprised of participants with iERM and participants with cataract. The values of MLR, NLR, PLR and from participants' peripheral blood were assessed among groups. The best cutoff value of MLR, NLR, and PLR in iERM was found by performing a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and determining the optimum cutoff value for each variable. In total, 95 participants with iERM were included in the study group, and 61 participants with senile cataract were included as controls. The lymphocyte count in the iERM group was significantly lower than the control group (1.69 ± 0.63 vs. 1.95 ± 0.53, P = .003). The monocyte count in the iERM group was significantly higher than the control group (0.39 ± 0.11 vs. 0.31 ± 0.10, P < .001). The area under the curve of MLR, NLR, and PLR in differentiating patients with IERM and controls was 0.782, 0.645, and 0.657, respectively, according to receiver operating characteristic. The best cutoff value of MLR was > 0.18, with sensitivity and specificity of 74.7% and 75.4%, respectively. The NLR was > 2.06, with a sensitivity and specificity of 50.5% and 83.6%, respectively. The PLR was > 95.89, with a sensitivity and specificity of 86.3% and 41.0%, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that systemic inflammation may be associated with iERM. IERM patients may be prone to have high MLR, NLR, and PLR values.", "keywords": [ "idiopathic epiretinal membrane", "inflammatory markers", "monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio", "neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio", "platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio", "systemic inflammation", "senile cataract", "lymphocyte count" ], "themes": [ "retina", "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000034225", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 2, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4382656928", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-blood-inflammatory-biomarkers-in-participants-with/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000034225" }, { "slug": "2023-correction-the-combined-impact-of-intense", "title": "Correction: The Combined Impact of Intense Pulsed Light Combined and 3% Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution on Evaporative Dry Eye: A Randomized Control Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Liangzhe Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-3620-9805" }, { "name": "Yifan Qi", "orcid": "0000-0001-7750-6729" }, { "name": "Yang Xia", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Yue You", "orcid": "0000-0002-8224-7159" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Naici Guo", "orcid": "0000-0002-7860-1426" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Shaochong Bu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9060-7361" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-5097-8256" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-09-15", "type": "erratum", "venue": "Ophthalmology and Therapy", "doi": "10.1007/s40123-023-00806-w", "abstract": "In the sentence beginning “Meibomian gland function and secretion quality:…” in this article, the values “…five meibomian glands in the middle parts of the eyelid were assessed using a scale of 0 to 3 for each gland (0 represented clear meibum; 1 represented cloudy meibum; 2 represented cloudy and granular meibum; and three represented thick meibum with toothpaste-like consistency)” should have read “…eight meibomian glands in the middle parts of the eyelid were assessed using a scale of 1 to 4 for each gland (1 represented clear meibum; 2 represented cloudy meibum; 3 represented cloudy and granular meibum; and 4 represented thick meibum with toothpaste-like consistency)”. In Table 2 of this article, the scales in the row headings TFLL (0–4), MGQ (1–5) and MGEx (1–5) were incorrect, and it should have been read as TFLL (1–5), MGQ (1–4) and MGEx (1–4). The original article has been corrected.", "keywords": [ "intense pulsed light", "diquafosol", "evaporative dry eye", "meibomian gland function", "meibum quality", "eyelid margin" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40123-023-00806-w.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 14, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386756925", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-correction-the-combined-impact-of-intense/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-023-00806-w" }, { "slug": "2023-effects-of-diquafosol-sodium-ophthalmic-solution", "title": "Effects of Diquafosol Sodium Ophthalmic Solution on Tear Film Matrix Metallopeptidase-9 and Corneal Nerve Density in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Dry Eye", "authors": [ { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Liangzhe Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-3620-9805" }, { "name": "Yifan Qi", "orcid": "0000-0001-7750-6729" }, { "name": "Yimeng Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-0588-8307" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Yue You", "orcid": "0000-0002-8224-7159" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Naici Guo", "orcid": "0000-0002-7860-1426" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Shaochong Bu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9060-7361" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-12-15", "type": "article", "venue": "Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics", "doi": "10.1089/jop.2023.0098", "abstract": "Purpose: Diabetes mellitus has been associated with increased dry eye disease (DED) and exacerbates DED's pathology. This preliminary short-term study aimed to evaluate the effects of 3% Diquafosol Sodium ophthalmic solution (DQS) on ocular surface inflammation and corneal nerve density in diabetic dry eye (DDE) patients. Methods: In this perspective, participants used 1 drop of 3% DQS (Diquas; Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) 6 times daily for 8 weeks. Non-invasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), tear film lipid layer (TFLL), conjunctival hyperemia [redness score (RS)], corneoconjunctival staining (CFS), corneal sensitivity (CS), Meibomian gland quality (MGQ) and Meibomian gland expressibility (MGEx), corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), and Standard Patient Evaluation Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire were assessed at baseline, at weeks 4, and up to 8 weeks. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) of tear samples was measured at baseline and weeks 8. Results: The mean age was 61.27 ± 11.68 years. At baseline NITBUT = 5.89 ± 2.81 s, tear meniscus height = 0.17 ± 0.05 mm, TFLL = 2.74 ± 0.51, CFS = 4.35 ± 0.68, CS = 53.83 ± 9.63 mm, MMP-9 = 49.10 ± 10.42 ng/mL, RS = 1.65 ± 0.44, MGEx = 1.85 ± 0.72, MGQ = 2.65 ± 0.50, CNFD = 20.36 ± 8.20 no./mm 2 , and SPEED = 12.62 ± 3.91. At week 4, significant improvements were found in all parameters except RS (1.59 ± 0.46, P = 0.172) and CNFD (21.46 ± 8.41, P = 0.163). Finally, at week 8, all parameters had significant improvements. Conclusion: Preliminary short-term findings suggest that treatment of DDE patients with DQS was found to be safe and efficacious in improving dry eye parameters. In addition, inflammatory marker and corneal nerve density were significantly improved. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05193331).", "keywords": [ "type 2 diabetes", "MMP-9", "corneal nerve fiber density", "corneal innervation", "tear film", "ocular surface inflammation", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "tear film lipid layer" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 9, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4389799922", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-effects-of-diquafosol-sodium-ophthalmic-solution/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2023.0098" }, { "slug": "2023-effects-of-insomnia-on-symptomatic-dry", "title": "Effects of insomnia on symptomatic dry eye during COVID-19 in China: An online survey", "authors": [ { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Xiaoying Luan", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Liangzhe Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-3620-9805" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-11-17", "type": "article", "venue": "Medicine", "doi": "10.1097/md.0000000000035877", "abstract": "Sleep is an essential determinant of health and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate sleep disorders and symptomatic dry eye (DE) occurrence. This study was a cross-sectional survey of 1393 participants in China. The insomnia severity index (ISI) Questionnaire was used to evaluate sleep quality, and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire was used to assess DE symptoms. Subjects were divided into 2 groups based on subjects with and without symptomatic DE. The patients who had DE (10.48 ± 7.27) had substantially lower ISI scores compared to those without DE (3.57 ± 5.10) (P = .003). Furthermore, each ISI item and total ISI score was significantly correlated with OSDI dry eye severity and total OSDI dry eye score. Higher prevalence of insomnia was found in participants with symptomatic DE, and insomnia correlated significantly with DE symptoms. The present results suggest that clinicians and healthcare workers need to remember that DE and insomnia are highly co-existing health issues.", "keywords": [ "insomnia", "dry eye", "COVID-19 pandemic", "sleep disorders", "ocular surface disease", "Insomnia Severity Index", "Ocular Surface Disease Index", "comorbidities" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000035877", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 5, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4388869701", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-effects-of-insomnia-on-symptomatic-dry/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000035877" }, { "slug": "2023-efficacy-of-intense-pulsed-light-therapy", "title": "Efficacy of intense pulsed light therapy on signs and symptoms of dry eye disease: A meta-analysis and systematic review", "authors": [ { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Liangzhe Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-3620-9805" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0003-0798-2126" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-04-01", "type": "review", "venue": "Indian Journal of Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.4103/ijo.ijo_2987_22", "abstract": "This study reviewed the efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). The PubMed database was used to conduct the literature search, which used the keywords \"intense pulsed light\" and \"dry eye disease\". After the authors evaluated the articles for relevancy, 49 articles were reviewed. In general, all treatment modalities were proven to be clinically effective in reducing dry eye (DE) signs and symptoms; however, the level of improvement and persistence of outcomes differed amongst them. Meta-analysis indicated significant improvement in the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores post-treatment with a standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.63; confidence interval (CI): -2.42 to -0.84. Moreover, a meta-analysis indicated a significant improvement in tear break-up time (TBUT) test values with SMD = 1.77; CI: 0.49 to 3.05. Research suggests that additive therapies, such as meibomian gland expression (MGX), sodium hyaluronate eye drops, heated eye mask, warm compress, lid hygiene, lid margin scrub, eyelid massage, antibiotic drops, cyclosporine drops, omega-3 supplements, steroid drops, and warm compresses along with IPL, have been found to work in tandem for greater effectiveness; however, in clinical practice, its feasibility and cost-effectiveness have to be taken into consideration. Current findings suggest that IPL therapy is suitable when lifestyle modifications such as reducing or eliminating the use of contact lenses, lubricating eye drops/gels, and warm compresses/eye masks fail to improve signs and symptoms of DE. Moreover, patients with compliance issues have been shown to benefit well as the effects of IPL therapy is sustained for over several months. DED is a multifactorial disorder, and IPL therapy has been found to be safe and efficient in reducing its signs and symptoms of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)-related DE. Although the treatment protocol varies among authors, current findings suggest that IPL has a positive effect on the signs and symptoms of MGD-related DE. However, patients in the early stages can benefit more from IPL therapy. Moreover, IPL has a better maintenance impact when used in conjunction with other traditional therapies. Further research is needed to assess cost-utility analysis for IPL.", "keywords": [ "intense pulsed light therapy", "dry eye", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "Ocular Surface Disease Index", "tear film break-up time", "adjunctive therapy", "meibomian gland expression", "cyclosporine" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_2987_22", "oa_status": "diamond", "license": "cc-by-nc-sa", "pdf": null, "citations": 35, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4362693131", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-efficacy-of-intense-pulsed-light-therapy/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_2987_22" }, { "slug": "2023-long-term-efficacy-and-safety-of", "title": "Long-term efficacy and safety of YAG laser vitreolysis for vision degrading myodesopsia", "authors": [ { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Xing Yang", "orcid": "0000-0002-9119-1804" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Yan-Nian Hui", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Li-Jun Shen", "orcid": null } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-10-25", "type": "article", "venue": "International Journal of Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.18240/ijo.2023.11.10", "abstract": "AIM: To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) laser vitreolysis for vision degrading myodesopsia (VDM) caused by posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed VDM patients of PVD type undergoing YAG laser vitreolysis. The baseline demographic information, the patterns of floaters, the number of floaters, and the subjective improvement of floater sympotoms (ranging from 0 to 100%) from medical records were collected. Significant improvement was defined as a relief of floater symptoms of ≥50% at the final visit. The long-term efficacy and safety of YAG laser vitreolysis were analyzed. The risk factors linked to significant improvement of floater symptoms were defined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The final analysis included 221 patients with VDM. The mean age of patients was 61.08±7.74y, and the mean length of follow-up was 21.38±5.61mo. Totally 57.01% of patients experienced a significant improvement in their floater symptoms after YAG laser therapy, and none of them developed delayed retinal abnormalities such as retinal tears or detachments. Age (OR=1.049, 95%CI=1.007-1.092, P=0.021) was identified as a significant risk factor for significant improvement in VDM. CONCLUSION: YAG laser vitreolysis is an effective and secure treatment for PVD-type VDM, and patients of advanced age are more likely to get favorable outcomes.", "keywords": [ "posterior vitreous detachment", "vitreous opacities", "long-term efficacy", "treatment safety", "retinal tears", "retinal detachment", "age as risk factor" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "http://ies.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/pdf/20231110", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 1, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387945288", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-long-term-efficacy-and-safety-of/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2023.11.10" }, { "slug": "2023-managing-severe-evaporative-dry-eye-with", "title": "Managing Severe Evaporative Dry Eye with Intense Pulsed Light Therapy", "authors": [ { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Liangzhe Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-3620-9805" }, { "name": "Xia Yang", "orcid": "0009-0006-7849-6394" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-01-24", "type": "article", "venue": "Ophthalmology and Therapy", "doi": "10.1007/s40123-023-00649-5", "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: This study assessed the efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy in participants with severe evaporative dry eye disease (DED). METHODS: This randomized, controlled, single-center study included 49 adult participants (≥ 18 years) with severe evaporative DED who received either IPL therapy (n = 56 eyes) or sham therapy (n = 42 eyes) three times. The primary efficacy parameters were ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, non-invasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), tear film lipid layer (TFLL), conjunctivocorneal staining score (CS), MG Score, meibomian gland (MG) quality, and MG expression score. RESULTS: The mean ages for the IPL group and the control group were 28.05 ± 3.41 years (57.1% female) and 28.14 ± 3.53 years (52.4% female), respectively. Comparison between the IPL group and the control group found significant differences in the mean OSDI score (22.16 ± 6.08 vs. 42.38 ± 6.60; P < 00.01), NITBUT (6.27 ± 0.84 vs. 3.86 ± 0.68; P < 0.001), TFLL (2.14 ± 0.44 vs. 3.45 ± 0.50; P < 0.001), MG Score (1.34 ± 0.55 vs. 1.88 ± 0.33; P < 0.001), MG quality (1.59 ± 0.07 vs. 2.67 ± 0.08), and MG expression (1.54 ± 0.57 vs. 2.45 ± 0.55) at 12 weeks follow-up; however, there was no significant difference in CS (3.32 ± 1.11 vs. 3.74 ± 1.04; P = 0.063). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that IPL therapy is clinically beneficial in ameliorating the signs and symptoms of severe evaporative dry eye disease.", "keywords": [ "evaporative dry eye disease", "intense pulsed light therapy", "meibomian glands", "meibography", "tear film lipid layer", "Ocular Surface Disease Index", "treatment efficacy and safety" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40123-023-00649-5.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 22, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4317840177", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-managing-severe-evaporative-dry-eye-with/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-023-00649-5" }, { "slug": "2023-no-side-effects-on-retina-or", "title": "No side effects on retina or vitreous microenvironment by YAG laser vitreolysis in vivo", "authors": [ { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Mingqin Zhang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Bing Heng Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2739-5124" }, { "name": "Yuanlong An", "orcid": "0000-0003-4704-3158" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Rong Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-4965-5310" }, { "name": "Lijun Shen", "orcid": "0000-0002-7518-2932" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-08-30", "type": "preprint", "venue": "Research Square", "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-3272066/v1", "abstract": "Abstract Background: To explore the safety of yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser vitreolysis based on the histological examination of the retina and the alteration of vitreous cytokines in vivo. Methods: Nine male New Zealand rabbits underwent YAG laser vitreolysis of 10 mJ x 500 pulses in the left eyes, while the right eyes were used as controls. Intraocular pressure, color fundus photography, and ultrasound B scan were measured before, as well as 1 day, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after YAG laser vitreolysis. Three rabbits were euthanized 1 day, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment, respectively. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining were used to look for pathological changes in the retina. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and some inflammatory cytokines, including interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and interlenkin 6 (IL-6) in the vitreous humor. The ascorbic acid (AsA) and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) in the vitreous humor were also measured. Results: Following YAG laser vitreolysis, the levels of VEGF, IP-10, MCP-1, IL6, AsA, and TRAP in the vitreous humor did not change substantially (P > 0.05). There were no detectable pathological changes in the retinal tissues, and no apoptotic signal was found. Conclusions: YAG laser vitreolysis has no noticeable effects on retinal tissue or the microenvironment of the vitreous, so it is a safe procedure.", "keywords": [ "retinal safety", "vitreous humor", "retinal histology", "apoptosis", "vascular endothelial growth factor", "inflammatory cytokines", "oxidative stress", "vitamin C" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3272066/latest.pdf", "oa_status": "green", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 2, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386282759", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-no-side-effects-on-retina-or/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3272066/v1" }, { "slug": "2023-phaco-goniosynechialysis-versus-phaco-trabeculectomy-in", "title": "Phaco-goniosynechialysis versus phaco-trabeculectomy in patients with refractory primary angle-closure glaucoma: a comparative study", "authors": [ { "name": "Jiahui Zhao", "orcid": "0009-0006-4620-7738" }, { "name": "Chenguang Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-5351-9664" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Guangzheng Dai", "orcid": "0000-0002-5211-6377" }, { "name": "Yunyan Li", "orcid": "0000-0003-0029-6035" }, { "name": "Yimeng Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-0588-8307" }, { "name": "Mingze Li", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Huixin Che", "orcid": null } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-04-06", "type": "article", "venue": "BMC Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1186/s12886-023-02885-6", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To compare the effects of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation (phaco) combined with goniosynechialysis (phaco + GSL) versus phaco with trabeculectomy (phaco + trab) for the management of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) refractory to peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) of over 180°. METHODS: This retrospective study followed 77 eyes of 77 patients for at least 6 months. Intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), number of glaucoma drugs, and PAS were recorded at the preoperative baseline and evaluated at each postoperative follow-up visit. The National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) was administered to patients enrolled in this study. Pearson's correlation analysis and multivariate linear analysis were performed to identify factors influencing changes in NEI VFQ-25 scores and to identify factors associated with increases in NEI VFQ-25 scores after the operation. RESULTS: In total, seventy-seven eyes were included (43 with phaco + GSL and 34 with phaco + trab). Comparing preoperative baseline and month 6 after surgery measurements revealed that both groups found significant improvements in IOP, PAS, BCVA and the number of glaucoma drugs (P < 0.05). Baseline NEI VFQ-25 scores were similar in the two groups, but there was a significant difference in postoperative NEI VFQ-25 scores (74.47 ± 10.39 in phaco + GSL vs. 69.57 ± 8.54 in phaco + trab, P = 0.048 < 0.05), and the phaco + GSL group had better scores at the time of the last follow-up. The change in preoperative scores and the number of glaucoma drugs was significantly correlated with postoperative scores in the phaco + GSL group. CONCLUSION: Phaco + GSL treatment is as safe and effective as phaco + trab for refractory PACG patients, and patients' subjective experience improved significantly after phaco + GSL surgery.", "keywords": [ "primary angle-closure glaucoma", "refractory glaucoma", "phacoemulsification", "goniosynechialysis", "trabeculectomy", "peripheral anterior synechiae", "intraocular pressure", "visual function" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12886-023-02885-6", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 16, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4362666063", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-phaco-goniosynechialysis-versus-phaco-trabeculectomy-in/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-02885-6" }, { "slug": "2023-protocol-for-a-parallel-assignment-prospective", "title": "Protocol for a parallel assignment prospective, randomised, comparative trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with 3% diquafosol (DQS) ophthalmic solution in dry eye syndrome", "authors": [ { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Liangzhe Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-3620-9805" }, { "name": "Yifan Qi", "orcid": "0000-0001-7750-6729" }, { "name": "Huixin Che", "orcid": null }, { "name": "He Huang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yang Xia", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-08-01", "type": "article", "venue": "BMJ Open", "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073055", "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: Evaporative dry eye (EDE) is common and can lead to ocular pain, decreased visual quality and reduced quality of life. Intense pulsed light (IPL) and 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution have been found to be beneficial in reducing signs and symptoms of dry eye. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A randomised clinical trial will be performed at He Eye Specialist Hospital in Shenyang. 360 dry eye disease patients will be equally divided randomly into the IPL group, DQS group (3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution eye-drops) and IPL+group (IPL combined with 3% diquafosol eye-drops). All groups will be followed up for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measures will be the non-invasive tear break-up time and the Ocular Surface Disease Index change from the baseline. The secondary outcome measures willincludeconjunctival and cornea staining with fluorescein and lissamine, meibomian gland function and secretion quality, tear film lipid layer score, tear meniscus height, conjunctival hyperemia (redness score) changes . Adverse events also will be monitored and documented. DISCUSSION: This study aimed to assess whether the combination of IPL with 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution (study group), IPL+ (study group), is more effective than IPL (active control group) or DQS (active control group) in participants with EDE. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Management of dry eye with IPL combined with 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution, registered on 23 January 2023. Ethics approval number: IRB (2022) K029.01. The study's findings will be shared regardless of the effect's direction. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05694026.", "keywords": [ "dry eye", "evaporative dry eye", "intense pulsed light", "diquafosol", "eye drops", "combination therapy", "tear film break-up time", "Ocular Surface Disease Index" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/13/8/e073055.full.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 4, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4386258765", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-protocol-for-a-parallel-assignment-prospective/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073055" }, { "slug": "2023-protocol-for-a-parallel-assignment-prospective-2", "title": "Protocol for a parallel assignment prospective, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of 0.01% atropine for near work-induced transient myopia and myopic progression in China", "authors": [ { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Lan Hu", "orcid": "0000-0001-9981-3084" }, { "name": "Yifan Qi", "orcid": "0000-0001-7750-6729" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-12-01", "type": "article", "venue": "BMJ Open", "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079833", "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: Assessment of near work-induced transient myopia (NITM) is important for permanent myopia development and progression. Atropine eye drop has been reported to be beneficial in reducing initial NITM and slowing down myopic progression. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of 0.01% atropine in treating NITM and its possible association with the progression of refractive change in Chinese myopic children. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study is designed as a parallel assignment prospective, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial conducted at He Eye Specialist Hospital in Shenyang, China. One hundred fifty participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive 0.01% atropine or placebo eye drop once nightly bilaterally for 1 year. Initial NITM, cycloplegic refraction, axial length, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure and pupil diameter will be measured at baseline, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks and 48 weeks. Visual Function Questionnaire will be administered at baseline and each follow-up visit. Adverse events also will be monitored and documented at each subsequent follow-up visit. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: A parallel assignment prospective, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of 0.01% atropine for near work-induced transient myopia and myopic progression registered on 10 September 2023. Ethics approval number: IRB (2023) K025.01. The study's findings will be shared regardless of the effect's direction. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06034366.", "keywords": [ "atropine", "myopia progression", "myopia", "children", "axial length", "intraocular pressure", "pupil size", "cycloplegic refraction" ], "themes": [ "myopia" ], "open_access_url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/13/12/e079833.full.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 4, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4390055696", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-protocol-for-a-parallel-assignment-prospective-2/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079833" }, { "slug": "2023-relationship-between-ocular-surface-pain-and", "title": "Relationship between ocular surface pain and corneal nerve loss in dry eye diabetics: a cross-sectional study in Shenyang, China", "authors": [ { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Liangzhe Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-3620-9805" }, { "name": "Yifan Qi", "orcid": "0000-0001-7750-6729" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Yue You", "orcid": "0000-0002-8224-7159" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-09-01", "type": "article", "venue": "BMJ Open", "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076932", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus has been associated with increased dry eye disease (DED) and exacerbates DED pathology. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential relationship between corneal nerve loss and ocular pain among diabetic patients with dry eye (DE). DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: He Eye Specialist Hospital, Shenyang, China. PARTICIPANTS: This study recruited 124 eyes of 62 diabetic patients diagnosed with DED between August and October 2022. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, non-invasive tear breakup time, tear meniscus height, tear film lipid layer, conjunctival hyperaemia (redness score), conjunctivocorneal epithelial staining (CS score), central corneal sensitivity and vitro confocal corneal microscopy was assessed in all subjects. The Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire assessed DE symptoms and ocular pain. RESULTS: The study's final analysis included 26 patients (52 eyes) without ocular pain and 36 patients (72 eyes) with ocular pain. The corneal nerve fibre density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) and corneal nerve fibre length (CNFL) in patients with ocular pain were significantly lower than those without (p<0.001, p=0.004, and p<0.001, respectively). CNFD, CNBD and CNFL negatively correlated with ocular pain (r=-0.385, r=-0.260, r=-0.358, respectively). Moreover, CNFD, CNBD and CNFL have a significant (p<0.05) positive correlation with corneal sensitivity (r=0.523, r=0.330, r=0.421, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Corneal nerve loss was associated with ocular pain and decreased corneal sensitivity in diabetic patients with DE. Further studies into the neurological role of ocular surface diseases can elaborate diagnostics, prognosis and treatment of diabetic patients with DE. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05193331).", "keywords": [ "dry eye", "diabetes mellitus", "corneal nerve loss", "corneal nerve fiber density", "corneal nerve branch density", "corneal sensitivity", "tear film" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/13/9/e076932.full.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 15, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387063722", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-relationship-between-ocular-surface-pain-and/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076932" }, { "slug": "2023-tear-film-lipid-layer-changes-following", "title": "Tear Film Lipid Layer Changes Following Combined Effect of Heated Eye Mask with Intense Pulsed Light Therapy for Evaporative Dry Eye: A Randomized Control Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Liangzhe Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-3620-9805" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Yifan Qi", "orcid": "0000-0001-7750-6729" }, { "name": "Yimeng Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-0588-8307" }, { "name": "Mingze Li", "orcid": "0000-0001-7721-0768" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Yuan Cheng", "orcid": "0000-0003-1830-7951" }, { "name": "Naici Guo", "orcid": "0000-0002-7860-1426" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-08-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Photobiomodulation Photomedicine and Laser Surgery", "doi": "10.1089/photob.2023.0051", "abstract": "Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex ocular surface inflammatory disorder with a multifactorial etiology. Therapies such as intense pulsed light (IPL) and heated eye mask (HEM) have been reported to improve the tear film lipid layer (TFLL) and signs and symptoms of DED. Methods: This randomized study aimed to compare the effects of IPL combined with HEM (IPL+HEM) group, IPL group, and control group in participants with evaporative DED. All participants were examined at baseline (D0), day 21 (D21), day 42 (D42), and day 84 (D84) for noninvasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), TFLL, corneal conjunctival staining (CS), meibomian gland quality (MGQ), meibomian gland expressibility (MGEx), and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Results: The mean age of participants was IPL+HEM: 28.06 ± 3.88 years, IPL: 29.88 ± 4.68 years, and control: 28.52 ± 3.77 years. At D84, significant improvements in TFLL ( p < 0.05), noninvasive tear breakup time (NITBUT) ( p < 0.05), corneoconjunctival staining (CS) ( p < 0.05), MGQ ( p < 0.05), MGEx ( p < 0.05), and OSDI ( p < 0.05) were found in the IPL+HEM and IPL groups, whereas the control group had no significant improvements. Furthermore, ΔTFLL significantly correlated with ΔNITBUT ( r = −0.678, p < 0.001), ΔCS ( r = 0.321, p < 0.001), ΔMGQ ( r = 0.669, p < 0.001), ΔMGEx ( r = 0.598, p < 0.001), and ΔOSDI score ( r = 0.649, p < 0.001). Conclusions: IPL therapy in combination with HEM and IPL therapy only can significantly improve the quality of TFLL and clinically reduce the sign and symptoms of evaporative DED. However, IPL therapy in combination with HEM was found to be more effective than IPL therapy alone.", "keywords": [ "evaporative dry eye disease", "tear film lipid layer", "intense pulsed light therapy", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "meibomian gland expressibility", "Ocular Surface Disease Index", "combination therapy", "ocular surface inflammation" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2023.0051", "oa_status": "hybrid", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 15, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4385804034", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-tear-film-lipid-layer-changes-following/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2023.0051" }, { "slug": "2023-the-combined-impact-of-intense-pulsed", "title": "The Combined Impact of Intense Pulsed Light Combined and 3% Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution on Evaporative Dry Eye: A Randomized Control Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Liangzhe Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-3620-9805" }, { "name": "Yifan Qi", "orcid": "0000-0001-7750-6729" }, { "name": "Xia Yang", "orcid": "0009-0006-7849-6394" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Yue You", "orcid": "0000-0002-8224-7159" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Naici Guo", "orcid": "0000-0002-7860-1426" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Shaochong Bu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9060-7361" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-08-17", "type": "article", "venue": "Ophthalmology and Therapy", "doi": "10.1007/s40123-023-00784-z", "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: The primary objective of this study is to assess whether the combination of intense pulsed light (IPL) with 3% diquafosol (DQS) ophthalmic solution is more effective than intense pulsed light in alleviating signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). METHODS: This randomized study included 66 participants with evaporative dry eye (EDE) who received IPL + DQS therapy (n = 44 eyes), IPL therapy (n = 44 eyes), or sham therapy (n = 44 eyes). All participants were examined at baseline (D0), day 14 (D14), and day 28 (D28) for non-invasive break-up time (NITBUT), tear-film lipid layer (TFLL), corneal conjunctival staining (CS), meibomian gland quality (MGQ), meibomian gland expression (MGEx), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI). RESULTS: At day 28, comparison among the IPL + DQS therapy, IPL therapy, and sham therapy found significant differences in the mean NITBUT (12.03 ± 1.27 versus 10.47 ± 3.48 versus 4.57 ± 0.46; p < 0.001), TFLL (2.09 ± 0.29 versus 2.27 ± 0.45 versus 2.89 ± 0.65; p < 0.001), CS (1.43 ± 0.82 versus 1.93 ± 1.32 versus 3.52 ± 1.00; p < 0.001), MGQ (1.55 ± 0.66 versus 1.91 ± 0.77 versus 2.66 ± 0.53; p < 0.001), MGEx (1.27 ± 0.45 versus 1.75 ± 0.44 versus 2.41 ± 0.50; p < 0.001), and OSDI score (19.36 ± 7.01 versus 24.77 ± 4.68 versus 42.61 ± 7.49; p < 0.001); significant improvements in NITBUT, TFLL, CS, MGQ, MGEx, and OSDI were found in the IPL + DQS therapy and IPL therapy, while the sham therapy had no significant improvements. CONCLUSION: Combining 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution with intense pulsed light was superior to IPL therapy alone in relieving the signs and symptoms of patients with severe evaporative DED. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT05694026.", "keywords": [ "evaporative dry eye", "intense pulsed light", "meibography", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "tear film break-up time", "tear film lipid layer", "corneal and conjunctival staining", "Ocular Surface Disease Index" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40123-023-00784-z.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 14, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4385898788", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-the-combined-impact-of-intense-pulsed/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-023-00784-z" }, { "slug": "2023-the-influence-of-pupil-diameter-upon", "title": "The influence of pupil diameter upon and subjective quality of vision following implantable collamer lens (ICL V4c) implantation: An observational study", "authors": [ { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "He Huang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Liangzhe Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-3620-9805" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Huixin Che", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0003-4750-5121" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-10-06", "type": "article", "venue": "Medicine", "doi": "10.1097/md.0000000000035198", "abstract": "This study aimed to assess the change in pupil size and its influence on subjective quality of vision (QoV) in subjects with implanted collamer lenses (ICLs). This retrospective study assessed 53 participants (53 eyes) implanted with ICL (V4c) and categorized them into incremental groups according to pupil diameter. Preoperative and postoperative photopic and mesopic pupil diameter, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), and QoV questionnaire scores were assessed and compared. Postoperatively, at 3 months, UDVA was -0.10 ± 0.06 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR), and mean QoV for day and night was 9.34 ± 0.76 and 8.58 ± 1.29, respectively. The mean mesopic and photopic pupil diameters were 6.59 ± 0.79 mm and 4.61 ± 0.74 mm, respectively. Photopic pupil diameter negatively correlated with \"QoV day\" (Rs = -0.413, P = .001), positively correlated with \"haloes\" (Rs = 0.568*, P < .001) and \"blurred vision\" (Rs = 0.243, P = .04) respectively. Mesopic pupil diameter negatively correlated with \"QoV night\" (Rs = -0.426, P = .001), positively correlated with \"haloes\" (Rs = 0.624*, P < .001), \"starburst\" (Rs = 0.233, P = .046) and \"difficulty focusing\" (Rs = 0.27, P = .025), respectively. Participants had excellent VA at 3-month follow-up. Photopic and mesonic pupil diameter negatively correlated with QoV day and QoV night scores, respectively. Pupil diameter was found to have a more significant effect on visual symptoms at night, and lower QoV due to larger pupil size was more noticeable at night. Further investigation is needed to explore the importance of pupil diameter and its impact on the QoV in ICL implanted patients.", "keywords": [ "implantable collamer lens", "ICL V4c", "pupil size", "mesopic vision", "photopic vision", "night vision", "HALOE", "visual disturbances" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000035198", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 10, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387392458", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-the-influence-of-pupil-diameter-upon/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000035198" }, { "slug": "2023-vision-degrading-myodesopsia-assessed-with-optos", "title": "Vision degrading myodesopsia assessed with optos ultra-widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscope", "authors": [ { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Cheng Shi", "orcid": "0000-0001-8530-2005" }, { "name": "Bing Heng Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2739-5124" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Lijun Shen", "orcid": "0000-0002-7518-2932" } ], "year": 2023, "date": "2023-10-20", "type": "article", "venue": "BMC Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1186/s12886-023-03166-y", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: To investigate the diagnostic sensitivity of Optos imaging for vision degrading myodesopsia (VDM). METHODS: A total of 420 eyes from 345 patients with VDM were collected in this cross-sectional study. All eyes were classified as having posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) or not having PVD. The sensitivity of Optos imaging for the visibility of vitreous floaters was evaluated. The associated factors with the visibility of vitreous floaters on Optos images were analyzed in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The mean age of all patients was 56.19 ± 13.89 years old, and 66.67% of patients were female. The vitreous floaters were visible on the ultrasound B scan in all eyes, but only in 47.62% of Optos images (55.29% in eyes with PVD and 15% in eyes without PVD). In the multiple binary logistic regression analysis, age (OR = 1.094, 95%CI = 1.063-1.125, P < 0.001), spherical equivalent (OR = 0.869, 95%CI = 0.791-0.955, P = 0.004) and the distance of the floaters from the retina (OR = 1.191, 95%CI = 1.059-1.339, P = 0.003) were significantly correlated with the visibility of vitreous floaters on Optos images. On Optos images, 25.71% of VDM eyes presented additional retinal abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Optos imaging has a low sensitivity for vitreous floaters, particularly in eyes without PVD. On Optos imaging, floaters were more visible in older patients, eyes with greater myopia, and floaters that were further from the retina.", "keywords": [ "vitreous floaters", "posterior vitreous detachment", "diagnostic sensitivity", "myopia", "retinal abnormalities" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12886-023-03166-y", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 3, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4387816270", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2023-vision-degrading-myodesopsia-assessed-with-optos/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03166-y" }, { "slug": "2022-blood-inflammatory-biomarkers-in-participants-with", "title": "Blood Inflammatory Biomarkers in Participants with Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes Running Title: Blood Biomarkers for iERM", "authors": [ { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Yue You", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Mingxin Shang", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" } ], "year": 2022, "date": "2022-09-20", "type": "preprint", "venue": "Research Square", "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-2070634/v1", "abstract": "Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the levels of monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane (iERM). Methods:This retrospective study comprised of participants with iERM and participants with cataract. The values of MLR, NLR, PLR and from participants’ peripheral blood were assessed among groups. The best cutoff value of MLR, NLR, and PLR in iERM was found by performing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and determining the optimum cutoff value for each variable. Results: In total, 95 participants with iERM were included in the study group, and 61 participants with senile cataract were included as controls. The lymphocyte count in the iERM group was significantly lower than the control group (1.69±0.63 vs. 1.95±0.53, p=0.003). The monocyte count in the iERM group was significantly higher thanthe control group (0.39±0.11 vs. 0.31±0.10, p<0.001). The area under the curve of MLR, NLR and PLR in differentiating patients with IERM and controls was 0.782, 0.645, and 0.657, respectively, according to ROC. The best cut-off value of MLR was >0.18, with sensitivity and specificity of 74.7% and 75.4% respectively. The NLR was >2.06, with a sensitivity and specificity of 50.5% and 83.6% respectively. The PLR was >95.89, with a sensitivity and specificity of 86.3% and 41.0% respectively. Conclusion:The findings of this study suggest that systemic inflammation may be associated with iERM. IERM patients may be prone to have high MLR, NLR and PLR values.", "keywords": [ "idiopathic epiretinal membrane", "inflammatory markers", "monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio", "neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio", "platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio", "systemic inflammation", "senile cataract", "lymphocyte count" ], "themes": [ "retina", "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2070634/latest.pdf", "oa_status": "green", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 2, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4297884252", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2022-blood-inflammatory-biomarkers-in-participants-with/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2070634/v1" }, { "slug": "2022-comparable-postoperative-myopic-shift-in-eyes", "title": "Comparable postoperative myopic shift in eyes with retinal vascular diseases and vitreomacular interface diseases after phacovitrectomy", "authors": [ { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Aoqi Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-6153-3201" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Yan-Nian Hui", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Guangzheng Dai", "orcid": "0000-0002-5211-6377" }, { "name": "Lijun Shen", "orcid": "0000-0002-7518-2932" } ], "year": 2022, "date": "2022-04-18", "type": "article", "venue": "Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1007/s00417-022-05656-z", "abstract": "Purpose To compare the predictive refractive error (PRE) of intraocular lens (IOL) power between retinal vascular and vitreomacular interface diseases after phacovitrectomy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent phacovitrectomy for various retinal diseases. Patients with retinal vascular diseases and vitreomacular interface diseases were included in group A and group B, respectively. Age- and gender-matched senile cataract patients with phacoemulsification were set as controls. The mean PRE and absolute value of refractive error (ARE) among different groups were compared. The associated risk factors with ARE were also analyzed in the univariate and multivariate analyses. Results In total, 106 patients (Group A), 108 patients (Group B), and 110 patients as controls were included. The PRE in Group A (- 0.35 ± 0.83D) and Group B (- 0.53 ± 0.74D) were more myopic compared to the control group (- 0.11 ± 0.58D) (p Conclusions Postoperative myopic shift after phacovitrectomy may be comparable in retinal vascular diseases and vitreomacular interface diseases, no matter the gas or silicone oil tamponade. Older age, steeper corneal curvature, and worse preoperative visual acuity could produce more prediction errors.", "keywords": [ "phacovitrectomy", "intraocular lens power calculation", "retinal vascular disease", "silicone oil tamponade", "gas tamponade", "cataract surgery", "visual acuity", "corneal curvature" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 2, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4224243178", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2022-comparable-postoperative-myopic-shift-in-eyes/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-022-05656-z" }, { "slug": "2022-comparison-between-heated-eye-mask-and", "title": "Comparison Between Heated Eye Mask and Intense Pulsed Light Treatment for Contact Lens-Related Dry Eye", "authors": [ { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Yilin Song", "orcid": "0000-0002-9664-2029" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Jinfei Ma", "orcid": "0000-0002-4124-4760" }, { "name": "Christoph Palme", "orcid": "0000-0002-7986-0294" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" } ], "year": 2022, "date": "2022-03-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Photobiomodulation Photomedicine and Laser Surgery", "doi": "10.1089/photob.2021.0094", "abstract": "Background: Contact lens-related dry eye (CLDE) is common in contact lens (CL) wearers and can lead to ocular pain, decreased visual quality, and reduced quality of life. Objective: The purpose of this prospective, randomized, examiner masked study was to compare the effectiveness of intense pulsed light (IPL) and heated eye mask (HEM) for relieving CLDE. Methods: The final analysis included 60 patients (30 in the IPL group and 30 in the HEM group) who were using CL and had been suffering contact lens discomfort for more than a year. The IPL treatment group had two IPL treatments spaced 3 weeks apart, whereas the HEM group received HEM daily for 6 weeks (42 days). Non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), tear-film lipid layer (TFLL), conjunctival fluorescein staining, meibum gland quality and expression, conjunctival redness score, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), best-corrected visual acuity, endothelial cell count, and intraocular pressure were assessed at baseline: first visit (V1), second visit (V2), and third visit (V3). Results: The mean age of the IPL group was 28.6 ± 4.3 years (16 females, 53%) and that of the HEM group was 28.6 ± 4.2 years (16 females, 53%). Mean NITBUT for the IPL group at V2 was 5.53 ± 0.77 sec (p < 0.001) and at V3 was 7.72 ± 0.88 sec (p < 0.001); the IPL group demonstrated a clinically and statistically significant improvement in mean NITBUT. In addition, the HEM group showed a clinically and statistically significant improvement in mean NITBUT at V3 (5.86 ± 0.76 sec, p < 0.001). At V3, the C-OSDI, TFLL score, and meibum gland quality and expressibility all increased considerably (p < 0.05) in both groups. Conclusions: Our results imply that IPL or HEM treatment of CLDE can be safely used to relieve symptoms of CLDE. In addition, IPL treatment is more effective in improving the general stability of the tear-film and decreasing the need for artificial tears in CLDE.", "keywords": [ "intense pulsed light", "meibography", "tear film break-up time", "tear film lipid layer", "Ocular Surface Disease Index", "contact lens discomfort", "meibography-guided treatment", "artificial tears" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 21, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4220832836", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2022-comparison-between-heated-eye-mask-and/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2021.0094" }, { "slug": "2022-factors-associated-with-macular-staphyloma-area", "title": "Factors Associated with Macular Staphyloma Area on Ultra-widefield Fundus Images", "authors": [ { "name": "Xinmei Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-6474-3477" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Aoqi Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-6153-3201" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Guangzheng Dai", "orcid": "0000-0002-5211-6377" }, { "name": "Xianwei Wu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Yang Xia", "orcid": "0000-0003-2487-2244" }, { "name": "Amit Meshi", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" } ], "year": 2022, "date": "2022-01-24", "type": "article", "venue": "Korean Journal of Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.3341/kjo.2021.0081", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of applying ultra-widefield fundus (UWF) images for macular staphyloma area (MSA) measurement and investigate the associated factors with MSA. METHODS: This is a retrospective study. MSA was measured by UWF imaging. Central foveal thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, subfoveal scleral thickness were measured on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Intraclass correlation coefficients of MSA measurement would be evaluated. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the associated factors with MSA. RESULTS: In total, 135 eyes of 92 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 64.73 ± 10.84 years. Mean MSA on UWF image was 279.67 ± 71.70 mm2. Intraclass correlation coefficients of MSA measurement was 0.965 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.946 to 0.977; p < 0.001). In the multiple linear regression analysis, after adjusting for subfoveal choroidal thickness, best-corrected visual acuity, central foveal thickness, and subfoveal scleral thickness, the factors independently related to MSA were axial length (β = 8.352; 95% CI, 3.306 to 13.398; p = 0.001), sex (β = -26.673; 95% CI, -51.759 to -1.586; p = 0.037), age (β = 1.184; 95% CI, 0.020 to 2.348; p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to measure MSA on UWF image. Female, longer axial length, and older age may indicate larger MSA.", "keywords": [ "ultra-widefield fundus imaging", "axial length", "sex differences", "age", "central foveal thickness", "subfoveal choroidal thickness", "measurement reliability" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://www.ekjo.org/upload/pdf/kjo-2021-0081.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 1, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4207051692", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2022-factors-associated-with-macular-staphyloma-area/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2021.0081" }, { "slug": "2022-impact-of-diquafosol-ophthalmic-solution-on", "title": "Impact of Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution on Tear Film and Dry Eye Symptom in Type 2 Diabetic Dry Eye: A Pilot Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Hongda Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7768-0169" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Yilin Song", "orcid": "0000-0002-9664-2029" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Christoph Palme", "orcid": "0000-0002-7986-0294" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" } ], "year": 2022, "date": "2022-01-20", "type": "article", "venue": "Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics", "doi": "10.1089/jop.2021.0083", "abstract": "Purpose: Diquafosol ophthalmic solution (DQS) stimulates P2Y2 receptors on the ocular surface, which enhances mucin secretion from goblet cells. Therefore, tear film stability and hydration of the ocular surface can be achieved independent from lacrimal gland function. Methods: This prospective, open-label pilot study included 60 eyes of 30 diabetic patients diagnosed with dry eye disease (DED) and were randomly assigned to either DQS ( n = 30 eyes) or hyaluronate (HA) group ( n = 30 eyes). Participants in the DQS group received 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution, whereas HA group received 0.1% sodium HA preservative-free artificial tears. The dosage for both drugs was 1 drop, 6 times per day for 4 weeks. Tear film lipid layer (TFLL), noninvasive breakup time (NITBUT), corneoconjunctival staining (CS) score, meibomian gland (MG), conjunctival hyperemia [redness score (RS)], ocular surface disease index (OSDI) was assessed and compared at baseline, day 14, and day 28. Results: Comparing baseline and day 28 measurements revealed that both groups found significant improvements in NITBUT, CS, MG quality, MG expressibility, and OSDI scores significantly ( P < 0.05), in addition TFLL improvements were only found in the DQS group. At day 28, the magnitude of change in mean NITBUT was 1.74 (DQS) versus 0.31 (HA), 1.16 (DQS) versus 0.37 (HA) point grade reduction in corneoconjunctival staining score and 9.80 (DQS) versus 4.80 (HA) point grade in mean OSDI score. Conclusion: Three percent diquafosol ophthalmic solution treatment demonstrated the ability to improve the tear film dry eye parameters and clinically reduced sign and symptoms of DED in diabetic dry eye patients. Clinical Trials.gov ID: NCT04980144.", "keywords": [ "type 2 diabetes", "tear film stability", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "Ocular Surface Disease Index", "mucin secretion", "tear film lipid layer" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 34, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4206543284", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2022-impact-of-diquafosol-ophthalmic-solution-on/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2021.0083" }, { "slug": "2022-impact-of-pupil-size-upon-the", "title": "Impact of pupil size upon the quality of vision in patients implanted with an implantable collamer lens (ICL V4c): A pilot study", "authors": [ { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "He Huang", "orcid": "0000-0003-3294-9889" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Liangzhe Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-3620-9805" }, { "name": "Jiayan Chen", "orcid": "0000-0002-3425-8486" }, { "name": "Huixin Che", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Tao Yao", "orcid": "0009-0009-2946-0549" }, { "name": "Chunhong Yan", "orcid": "0000-0002-3974-7991" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" } ], "year": 2022, "date": "2022-11-29", "type": "preprint", "venue": "Research Square", "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-2309603/v1", "abstract": "Abstract Objective: This study aimed to assess the influence of pupil size on subjective visual quality in subjects with implanted collamer lenses (ICLs). Methods: This retrospective study assessed eyes implanted with ICL (V4c) and categorized them into incremental groups according to pupil size. Preoperative and postoperative photopic and mesopic pupil size, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), and quality of vision (QoV) questionnaire score were assessed and compared. Results: Post-operatively at 3-months the mean QoV score for day and night was 9.34 ± 0.76 and 8.58 ± 1.29 respectively. The mean mesopic pupil size (MPS) and mean photopic pupil size (PPS) was 6.59 ± 0.79 mm and 4.61 ± 0.74 mm respectively. PPS negatively correlated with “QoV day” (Rs = -0.413, P=0.001), positively correlated with “haloes” (Rs = 0.568*, P<0.001) and \"blurred vision\" (Rs = 0.243, P = 0.04) respectively. MPS negatively correlated with “QoV night” (Rs = -0.426, P=0.001), positively correlated with \"haloes\" (Rs = 0.624*, P < 0.001), \"starburst\" (Rs = 0.233, P=0.046) and \"difficulty focusing\" (Rs = 0.27, P = 0.025) respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that increasing pupil size has a negative correlation on the subjective visual quality (QoV) for day and night scores. Smaller pupil size had better QoV night scores suggesting further investigation is needed.", "keywords": [ "implantable collamer lens", "pupil size", "subjective visual quality", "HALOE", "starburst", "uncorrected distance visual acuity", "refractive surgery outcomes" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2309603/latest.pdf", "oa_status": "green", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4310351755", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2022-impact-of-pupil-size-upon-the/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2309603/v1" }, { "slug": "2022-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio-nlr-platelet", "title": "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are more prominent in retinal artery occlusion (RAO) compared to retinal vein occlusion (RVO)", "authors": [ { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Fang He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8132-1054" }, { "name": "Hongda Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7768-0169" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Guangzheng Dai", "orcid": "0000-0002-5211-6377" }, { "name": "Qingchi Yao", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" } ], "year": 2022, "date": "2022-02-03", "type": "article", "venue": "PLoS ONE", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0263587", "abstract": "AIM: To evaluate the association between the value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and the development of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). METHODS: This retrospective study assessed 41 RAO, 50 RVO and 50 control (age and gender matched senile cataract) participants. The NLR, PLR and MHR parameters of patients' peripheral blood were analyzed. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis and the best cutoff value were used to specify the predictive value of NLR, PLR and MHR in RAO and RVO. RESULTS: The NLR, PLR and MHR were significantly higher in RAO group compared to the control group (p<0.001, p<0.001 and p = 0.008; respectively). The NLR, PLR and MHR were also significantly higher in the RVO group compared to the control group (p<0.001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively). The NLR and PLR were significantly higher in the RAO group compared to the RVO group (p<0.001 and p = 0.022, respectively). The optimal cut-off value of NLR to predict RAO was >2.99, with 90.2% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The PLR to predict RAO was > 145.52, with 75.6% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity. CONCLUSION: Higher NLR, PLR and MHR are related to the occurrence of RAO and RVO. NLR and PLR are more prominent in RAO compared to RVO.", "keywords": [ "neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio", "platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio", "monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio", "retinal artery occlusion", "retinal vein occlusion", "inflammatory markers", "peripheral blood", "diagnostic thresholds" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0263587&type=printable", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 19, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4210441292", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2022-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio-nlr-platelet/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263587" }, { "slug": "2022-persistent-macular-oedema-following-best-vitelliform", "title": "Persistent macular oedema following Best vitelliform macular dystrophy undergoing anti-VEGF treatment", "authors": [ { "name": "TZ Lin", "orcid": null }, { "name": "EE Pazo", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Y Ren", "orcid": null }, { "name": "LJ Shen", "orcid": null } ], "year": 2022, "date": null, "type": null, "venue": "International Journal of Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.18240/ijo.2022.05.22", "abstract": "", "keywords": [], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": null, "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "scholar" ], "openalex_id": null, "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2022-persistent-macular-oedema-following-best-vitelliform/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2022.05.22" }, { "slug": "2022-prognosis-value-of-chinese-ocular-fundus", "title": "Prognosis value of Chinese Ocular Fundus Diseases Society classification for proliferative diabetic retinopathy on postoperative visual acuity after pars plana vitrectomy in type 2 diabetes", "authors": [ { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Cheng Shi", "orcid": "0000-0001-8530-2005" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Guangzheng Dai", "orcid": "0000-0002-5211-6377" }, { "name": "Xianwei Wu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-5097-8256" }, { "name": "Lijun Shen", "orcid": "0000-0002-7518-2932" } ], "year": 2022, "date": "2022-09-22", "type": "article", "venue": "International Journal of Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.18240/ijo.2022.10.10", "abstract": "AIM: To compare the postoperative visual acuity among eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) of different stages after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted for PDR eyes undergoing PPV in type 2 diabetic patients. All patients were divided into three groups based on Chinese Ocular Fundus Diseases Society (COFDS) classification for PDR: Group A (primary vitreous hemorrhage), Group B (primary fibrovascular proliferation) and Group C (primary vitreous hemorrhage and/or fibrovascular proliferative combined with retinal detachment). The postoperative visual acuity and the change between postoperative and preoperative visual acuity were compared among three groups. The associated risk factors for postoperative visual acuity were analyzed in the univariate and multiple linear aggression. RESULTS: In total, 195 eyes of 195 patients were collected in this study, including 71 eyes of 71 patients in Group A, 75 eyes of 75 patients in Group B and 49 eyes of 49 patients in Group C. The eyes in Group A got better postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) compared to the eyes in Group B and C (0.48±0.48 vs 0.89±0.63, P<0.001; 0.48±0.48 vs 1.04±0.67, P<0.001; respectively). The eyes in Group A got more improvement of BCVA compared to the eyes in Group B and C (1.07±0.70 vs 0.73±0.68, P=0.004; 1.07±0.70 vs 0.77±0.78, P=0.024; respectively). In the multiple linear regression analysis, primary fibro-proliferative type (β=0.194, 95%CI=0.060-0.447, P=0.01), retinal detachment type (β=0.244, 95%CI=0.132-0.579, P=0.02), baseline logMAR BCVA (β=0.192, 95%CI=0.068-0.345, P=0.004), silicone oil tamponade (β=0.272, 95%CI=0.173-0.528, P<0.001) was positively correlated with postoperative logMAR BCVA. Eyes undergoing phacovitrectomy had better postoperative BCVA (β=-0.144, 95%CI=-0.389 to -0.027, P=0.025). CONCLUSION: PDR eyes of primary vitreous hemorrhage type usually have better visual acuity prognosis compared to primary fibrovascular proliferation type and retinal detachment type. COFDS classification for PDR may have a high prognostic value for postoperative visual outcome and surgical management indications.", "keywords": [ "proliferative diabetic retinopathy", "type 2 diabetes", "pars plana vitrectomy", "postoperative visual acuity", "vitreous hemorrhage", "fibrovascular proliferation", "retinal detachment", "prognostic factors" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "http://ies.ijo.cn/gjyken/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=20221010&flag=1&journal_id=gjyken", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 8, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4296988249", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2022-prognosis-value-of-chinese-ocular-fundus/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2022.10.10" }, { "slug": "2022-reliability-of-web-based-version-of", "title": "Reliability of Web-Based Version of OSDI-6 Questionnaire in a Chinese Adult Population", "authors": [ { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Shaochong Bu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9060-7361" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" } ], "year": 2022, "date": "2022-08-23", "type": "preprint", "venue": "Research Square", "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-1976676/v1", "abstract": "Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the Chinese translation version of OSDI-6 questionnaire for dry eye. Methods A total of 270 participants (136 males, 50.4% and 134 females, 49.6%) with a mean age of 28.22 ± 9.01 years were assessed, diagnosed under the criteria put forth by Dry eye workshop (DEWS) completed the Chinese translated version of the OSDI-12 questionnaire (C-OSDI-12). Validity and psychometric properties were analyzed using the study data on the selected items (a new approach called virtual validation). For implementation in the new, shorter C-OSDI-6 questionnaire, 6 items were extracted from the C-OSDI-12 as suggested by the authors of OSDI-6 and compared. Demographic characteristics, validity of total score were evaluated with Spearman rank correlation and Rasch analysis. Results The total scores of C-OSDI-12 and C-OSDI-6 were 30.27 ± 13.19 and 6.95 ± 3.53 respectively. Significant reliability was found between total C-OSDI-6 score and total C-OSDI-12 score (r = 0.865, p < 0.001). Infits and outfits of the C-OSDI-6 were between 1.26 and 0.78. Conclusion The C-OSDI-6 proved to be valid, and psychometrically responsive in Chinese adult dry eye participants. The findings of this virtual validation study need to be confirmed in a longitudinal validation study on the real-world use.", "keywords": [ "dry eye", "Chinese translation", "questionnaire reliability", "virtual validation", "Rasch analysis", "psychometric properties", "web-based questionnaire", "short-form questionnaire" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1976676/latest.pdf", "oa_status": "green", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4292801093", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2022-reliability-of-web-based-version-of/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1976676/v1" }, { "slug": "2022-spontaneous-remission-of-vision-degrading-myodesopsia", "title": "Spontaneous remission of vision degrading myodesopsia of posterior vitreous detachment type", "authors": [ { "name": "Xing Yang", "orcid": "0000-0002-9119-1804" }, { "name": "Cheng Shi", "orcid": "0000-0001-8530-2005" }, { "name": "Qiang Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-5451-4862" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" } ], "year": 2022, "date": "2022-12-24", "type": "article", "venue": "Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1007/s00417-022-05948-4", "abstract": "Purpose The study aims to observe the spontaneous remission of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)-type vision degrading myodesopsia (VDM) during long-term follow-up. Methods We retrospectively reviewed VDM patients with PVD type that refused any treatment. The ratio and time of significant spontaneous remission of floater symptoms occurring were described. The associated factors with significant remission of floater symptoms were analyzed in the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results In total, 179 patients with VDM were assessed. The mean age of all patients was 60.56 ± 0.47 years old, and the mean duration of follow-up was 23.89 ± 6.63 months. Of the patients, 40.78% have significant improvement in their floater symptoms after mean 16.55 ± 10.63-month follow-up. Myopia (OR = 0.280, 95% CI = 0.084-0.932, P = 0.038), the number of floaters > 3 (OR = 0.343, 95% CI = 0.172-0.683, P = 0.002), and floaters with string-like pattern (OR = 0.370, 95% CI = 0.166-0.824, P = 0.015) and blocky pattern (OR = 0.299, 95% CI = 0.090-0.993, P = 0.049) were negatively correlated with the significant spontaneous remission of VDM symptoms in the multiple binary logistic regression analysis. Conclusions Approximately 40% of VDM patients with PVD may experience significant spontaneous remission during long-term follow-up. Patients that are non-myopic and with fewer floaters are more likely to feel relief from VDM symptoms. Floaters with string-like or blocky patterns are less likely to undergo spontaneous remission.", "keywords": [ "posterior vitreous detachment", "spontaneous regression", "vitreous opacities", "myopia", "long-term follow-up" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 9, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4312119045", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2022-spontaneous-remission-of-vision-degrading-myodesopsia/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-022-05948-4" }, { "slug": "2021-comparative-analysis-of-paper-based-and", "title": "Comparative Analysis of Paper-Based and Web-Based Versions of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network-Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer Symptom Index (NFBSI-16) Questionnaire in Breast Cancer Patients: Randomized Crossover Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Jinfei Ma", "orcid": "0000-0002-4124-4760" }, { "name": "Zihao Zou", "orcid": "0000-0003-0431-3867" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Ye Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-1965-5926" }, { "name": "Feng Jin", "orcid": "0000-0002-5141-3986" } ], "year": 2021, "date": "2021-01-31", "type": "article", "venue": "JMIR Medical Informatics", "doi": "10.2196/18269", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains the most common neoplasm diagnosed among women in China and globally. Health-related questionnaire assessments in research and clinical oncology settings have gained prominence. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network-Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer Symptom Index (NFBSI-16) is a rapid and powerful tool to help evaluate disease- or treatment-related symptoms, both physical and emotional, in patients with breast cancer for clinical and research purposes. Prevalence of individual smartphones provides a potential web-based approach to administrating the questionnaire; however, the reliability of the NFBSI-16 in electronic format has not been assessed. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the reliability of a web-based NFBSI-16 questionnaire in breast cancer patients undergoing systematic treatment with a prospective open-label randomized crossover study design. METHODS: We recruited random patients with breast cancer under systematic treatment from the central hospital registry to complete both paper- and web-based versions of the questionnaires. Both versions of the questionnaires were self-assessed. Patients were randomly assigned to group A (paper-based first and web-based second) or group B (web-based first and paper-based second). A total of 354 patients were included in the analysis (group A: n=177, group B: n=177). Descriptive sociodemographic characteristics, reliability and agreement rates for single items, subscales, and total score were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The Lin concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Spearman and Kendall τ rank correlations were used to assess test-retest reliability. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability measured with CCCs was 0.94 for the total NFBSI-16 score. Significant correlations (Spearman ρ) were documented for all 4 subscales-Disease-Related Symptoms Subscale-Physical (ρ=0.93), Disease-Related Symptoms Subscale-Emotional (ρ=0.85), Treatment Side Effects Subscale (ρ=0.95), and Function and Well-Being Subscale (ρ=0.91)-and total NFBSI-16 score (ρ=0.94). Mean differences of the test and retest were all close to zero (≤0.06). The parallel test-retest reliability of subscales with the Wilcoxon test comparing individual items found GP3 (item 5) to be significantly different (P=.02). A majority of the participants in this study (255/354, 72.0%) preferred the web-based over the paper-based version. CONCLUSIONS: The web-based version of the NFBSI-16 questionnaire is an excellent tool for monitoring individual breast cancer patients under treatment, with the majority of participants preferring it over the paper-based version.", "keywords": [ "breast cancer", "web-based questionnaire", "paper-based questionnaires", "test-retest reliability", "questionnaire agreement", "treatment-related symptoms", "disease-related symptoms", "emotional symptoms" ], "themes": [ "other" ], "open_access_url": "https://medinform.jmir.org/2021/3/e18269/PDF", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 4, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3128679106", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2021-comparative-analysis-of-paper-based-and/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/18269" }, { "slug": "2021-comparing-school-aged-refraction-measurements-using", "title": "Comparing School‐Aged Refraction Measurements Using the 2WIN‐S Portable Refractor in Relation to Cycloplegic Retinoscopy: A Cross‐Sectional Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Ziming Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9354-137X" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Hong Ye", "orcid": "0000-0003-0232-9013" }, { "name": "Cui Yu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" } ], "year": 2021, "date": "2021-01-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Journal of Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1155/2021/6612476", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To assess the repeatability and agreement of refractive measurements using 2WIN-S photoscreening with the gold-standard cycloplegic retinoscope refraction. DESIGN: Single centre, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Spherical, cylindrical, axis, and spherical equivalent of 194 bilateral eyes of 97 children were assessed using a retinoscope and 2WIN-S. One week later, another operator repeated the 2WIN-S measurements. The primary outcome measures were to assess the repeatability and agreement between spherical equivalent, J0, and J45 readings of 2WIN-S. The repeatability of measurements was assessed by the within-subject standard deviation (2.77 Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The agreement between devices was assessed using 95% limits of agreement. The extent of the agreement between cycloplegic retinoscopy and noncycloplegic 2WIN-S measurements was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: value >0.86). ICC for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.900, 0.666, and 0.639, respectively; Sw for SE, J0, and J45 was 0.61D, 0.30D, and 0.31D, respectively; Bland-Altman analysis of retinoscopy with cycloplegia and 2WIN-S for SE was 184/194 (95%) in 95% confidence interval, and the mean value was 0.46. J0 was 184/194 (95%), and the mean value is -0.04. J45 was 181/194 (93%), and the mean value is -0.15. CONCLUSION: The objective refractive measurement of 2WIN-S had good reliability and high agreement with the gold-standard retinoscopy refraction in children and adolescents. While consistency was observed, it is essential to take into consideration that it is a screening tool.", "keywords": [ "cycloplegic retinoscopy", "refractive error measurement", "children and adolescents", "repeatability", "spherical equivalent", "astigmatism axis", "non-cycloplegic refraction", "school vision screening" ], "themes": [ "myopia", "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/joph/2021/6612476.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 15, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3165028115", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2021-comparing-school-aged-refraction-measurements-using/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6612476" }, { "slug": "2021-corneal-nerves-alteration-associated-with-corneal", "title": "Corneal Nerves Alteration Associated with Corneal Complications after Pars Plana Vitrectomy", "authors": [ { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Hong Ye", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Guangzheng Dai", "orcid": "0000-0002-5211-6377" }, { "name": "Yang Xia", "orcid": "0000-0003-2487-2244" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" } ], "year": 2021, "date": "2021-06-21", "type": "article", "venue": "Korean Journal of Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.3341/kjo.2021.0048", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of corneal nerves assessment on predicting corneal complications following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). METHODS: In this prospective single-center cohort study, 94 patients (94 eyes) received PPV, and were divided into postoperative groups with and without corneal complications. All eyes had corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), corneal nerve fiber density, and branch density of corneal nerve fibers assessed and calculated with Image J preoperatively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify corneal nerve fiber parameters that correlated to post-operative corneal complications. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was performed to identify the optimal cut-off point of the corneal fibers' parameters for predicting corneal complications after PPV. RESULTS: Eleven eyes (11.70%) developed corneal complications at 1 week after PPV. There was significant difference between CNFL (19.44 ± 6.88 vs. 26.84 ± 7.53, p = 0.003), corneal nerve fiber density (28.82 ± 9.91 vs. 37.10 ± 10.16, p = 0.013) and branch density of corneal nerve fibers (55.84 ± 21.08 vs. 82.04 ± 31.89, p = 0.01) in two groups, respectively. Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value of CNFL to predict corneal complications following PPV was <26.495 mm/mm2. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease of CNFL may predict corneal complications following PPV. Regular preoperative corneal confocal microscopy test in PPV patients could be considered.", "keywords": [ "pars plana vitrectomy", "corneal complications", "corneal nerve fiber length", "corneal nerve fiber density", "corneal nerve branch density", "corneal confocal microscopy", "postoperative outcome prediction", "diabetic retinopathy" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://www.ekjo.org/upload/pdf/kjo-2021-0048.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 3, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3174995674", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2021-corneal-nerves-alteration-associated-with-corneal/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2021.0048" }, { "slug": "2021-effect-of-intense-pulsed-light-on", "title": "Effect of Intense Pulsed Light on Anterior Corneal Aberrations and Quality of Vision in Patients with Evaporative Dry Eye", "authors": [ { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Zhang Qing", "orcid": "0000-0003-0925-9169" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Yilin Song", "orcid": "0000-0002-9664-2029" }, { "name": "Hongda Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7768-0169" }, { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" } ], "year": 2021, "date": "2021-02-22", "type": "article", "venue": "Photobiomodulation Photomedicine and Laser Surgery", "doi": "10.1089/photob.2020.4953", "abstract": "Objective: To evaluate the improvement in the tear film lipid layer (TFLL) and its subsequent impact upon corneal aberrations following intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment in patients with evaporative dry eye disease (DED) due to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Background: The prevalence of DED is common and can lead to ocular discomfort, reduced visual acuity, and lowered quality of vision (QoV) and life. Methods: In this self-control study, patients with moderate-to-severe evaporative DED due to MGD were consecutively enrolled and underwent two IPL treatments at 3-week intervals. Clinical assessments, such as Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and QoV questionnaires, anterior corneal aberrations, noninvasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), interferometric fringe pattern as determined by TFLL quality, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), meibum gland (MG), conjunctival hyperemia (CH), best-corrected visual acuity, endothelial cell count, and intraocular pressure, were conducted at pretreatment (D-0), day 21 (D-21), and day 42 (D-42) after IPL treatment. Results: The final analysis included 124 eyes of 62 patients (29 females, 33 males; mean age 35.66 ± 11.09 years). Clinically and statistically significant improvement in NITBUT was observed at D-42 ( p < 0.01). OSDI, QoV, TFLL score, and MG quality and expressibility all improved significantly ( p < 0.05) at D-42, whereas CH ( p = 0.073) and CFS ( p = 0.058) showed minor not significant improvements at D-42 of assessment. Anterior corneal aberrations also improved significantly at D-42 of assessment ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: IPL treatment reduced the severity of symptoms and improved the overall tear film (TF) stability in patients with moderate-to-severe evaporative dry eye (DE) due to MGD. Additionally, the significant improvement in QoV in DE patients can be attributed to the reduction in anterior corneal aberrations due to improved TF stability.", "keywords": [ "intense pulsed light", "evaporative dry eye", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "tear film lipid layer", "visual quality", "conjunctival hyperemia", "corneal fluorescein staining", "Ocular Surface Disease Index" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 16, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3131404954", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2021-effect-of-intense-pulsed-light-on/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2020.4953" }, { "slug": "2021-interferometry-evaluation-of-precorneal-tear-film", "title": "Interferometry Evaluation of Precorneal Tear Film Lipid Layer After Intense Pulsed Light in Evaporative Dry Eye Disease Owing to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Randomized, Single Masked, Sham-Controlled Study", "authors": [ { "name": "Yilin Song", "orcid": "0000-0002-9664-2029" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Gagan Deep Singh Talwar", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0003-4750-5121" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" } ], "year": 2021, "date": "2021-03-01", "type": "preprint", "venue": "Preprints.org", "doi": "10.20944/preprints202103.0017.v1", "abstract": "Background: Inadequate meibomian glands (MGs) secretion can lead to dry eye signs and symptoms. Tear film lipid layer (TFLL) secreted by MGs protects and prevents rapid evaporation of tear film. Our purpose was to assess TFLL alteration and function in patients with evaporative dry eye (EDE) using tear interferometry after optimal pulse light technology (OPT) intense pulsed light (IPL). Methods: This prospective randomized examiner-masked sham- controlled study included 86 participants (142 eyes) with DED. IPL or sham procedure was performed on day 0, 21, and 42. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), non-invasive breakup time (NITBUT), interferometric fringe pattern determined TFLL quality, fluorescein staining (FS), and meibum gland (MG) were assessed at day 0, 21, 42 and 3-month. Results: At 3-month, TFLL, NITBUT, MG drop-out, MG quality, MG expressibility, FS and OSDI improved significantly (P<0.05) in the IPL group, while the sham group had no significant improvements. All DE parameters significantly correlated with the improvement in TFLL following IPL treatment. Additionally, artificial tears usage was significantly less in the IPL group from D-42 onwards. Conclusion: IPL treatment demonstrated the ability to improve TFLL quality and clinically reduced sign and symptoms of DED thereby reducing the frequency of artificial tears usage.", "keywords": [ "intense pulsed light", "evaporative dry eye disease", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "tear film lipid layer", "non-invasive tear break-up time", "fluorescein staining", "meibomian gland expressibility", "Ocular Surface Disease Index" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202103.0017/v1/download", "oa_status": "green", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3134271791", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2021-interferometry-evaluation-of-precorneal-tear-film/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202103.0017.v1" }, { "slug": "2021-management-of-post-lasik-dry-eye", "title": "Management of Post-LASIK Dry Eye with Intense Pulsed Light in Combination with 0.1% Sodium Hyaluronate and Heated Eye Mask", "authors": [ { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Yilin Song", "orcid": "0000-0002-9664-2029" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Jinfei Ma", "orcid": "0000-0002-4124-4760" }, { "name": "Christoph Palme", "orcid": "0000-0002-7986-0294" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" } ], "year": 2021, "date": "2021-11-06", "type": "article", "venue": "Ophthalmology and Therapy", "doi": "10.1007/s40123-021-00418-2", "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: Laser in situ keratomelieusis (LASIK) is one of the most frequently performed refractive treatments. Dry eye (DE) is common in patients after LASIK and can be bothersome postoperatively. Therapies such as intense pulsed light (IPL), sodium hyaluronate (SH) and heated eye mask (HEM) have been reported to improve signs and symptoms of DE . AIM: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate and compare the effects of IPL and 0.1% SH (IPL group, 50 eyes) and IPL in combination with 0.1% SH and HEM (IPL + group, 50 eyes) in participants with persistent post-LASIK DE. METHODS: The final analysis included 100 patients (100 eyes) who had LASIK for myopic correction and had been experiencing moderate to severe DE following LASIK for over a year. Participants were randomly assigned to either the IPL group (2 IPL sessions) or IPL + group (2 IPL sessions and daily HEM for 4 weeks), and both groups continued the use of daily 0.1% SH (HYLO-COMOD®) preservative-free eye drops. Non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), tear film lipid layer (TFLL), lower tear meniscus height (LTMH), meibomian gland quality (MGQ), meibomian gland expressibility (MGEx), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and artificial tear usage (ATU) survey were assessed at baseline (BL) and follow-up at 2 (F1) and 4 weeks (F2). RESULTS: Following the treatment protocol, all dry eye (DE) parameters assessed in this study improved significantly (P < 0.05) in both groups at F2 compared with their respective BL measurements. Inter-group comparison at F2 found significant differences in their NITBUT (IPL: 6.06 ± 0.59 vs. IPL +: 6.67 ± 0.86, P < 0.001), TFLL (IPL: 1.90 ± 0.65 vs. IPL +: 1.60 ± 0.64, P = 0.021), LTMH (IPL: 0.186 ± 0.053 vs. 0.204 ± 0.034, P = 0.003), MGQ (IPL: 1.48 ± 0.54 vs. IPL +: 1.26 ± 0.56, P = 0.026), MGEx (IPL: 1.62 ± 0.53 vs. IPL +: 1.44 ± 0.50, P = 0.038) and OSDI (IPL: 32.54 ± 6.85 vs. IPL +: 29.76 ± 4.74, P = 0.001), while CFS score (IPL: 4.02 ± 0.65 vs. IPL +: 3.96 ± 0.73, P = 0.652) and ATU (IPL: 1.88 ± 0.63 vs. IPL +: 1.72 ± 0.50, P = 0.159) showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION: Post-LASIK DE signs and symptoms can be improved by combining therapies such as IPL, HEM and 0.1% SH. Increased TFLL due to a combination of IPL, 0.1% SH and HEM had a greater positive impact on the subjective and objective DE measurements in participants with persistent post-LASIK DE.", "keywords": [ "intense pulsed light", "sodium hyaluronate", "meibography", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "tear film break-up time", "tear film lipid layer", "corneal fluorescein staining", "Ocular Surface Disease Index" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface", "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40123-021-00418-2.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 35, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3212378469", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2021-management-of-post-lasik-dry-eye/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-021-00418-2" }, { "slug": "2021-reliability-of-chinese-web-based-ocular", "title": "Reliability of Chinese web-based ocular surface disease index questionnaire in dry eye patients: a randomized, crossover study", "authors": [ { "name": "Xinmei Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-7122-6435" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-5094-2747" }, { "name": "Qing-Xia Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-0391-8410" }, { "name": "Can Zhang", "orcid": "0009-0005-9191-6704" }, { "name": "Yue You", "orcid": "0000-0002-8224-7159" }, { "name": "Chenguang Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-5351-9664" }, { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Jonathan E. Moore", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" } ], "year": 2021, "date": "2021-05-24", "type": "article", "venue": "International Journal of Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.18240/ijo.2021.06.07", "abstract": "AIM: To assess the reliability of web-based version of ocular surface disease index in Chinese (C-OSDI) on clinically diagnosed dry eye disease (DE) patients. METHODS: A total of 254 Chinese participants (51% male, 129/254; mean age: 27.90±9.06y) with DED completed paper- and web-based versions of C-OSDI questionnaires in a randomized crossover design. Ophthalmology examination and DED diagnosis were performed prior to the participants being invited to join the study. Participants were randomly designated to either group A (paper-based first and web-based second) or group B (web-based first and paper-based second). Final data analysis included participants that had successfully completed both versions of the C-OSDI. Demographic characteristics, test-retest reliability, and agreement of individual items, subscales, and total score were evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Spearman rank correlation, Wilcoxon test and Rasch analysis. RESULTS: Reliability indexes were adequate, Pearson correlation was greater than 0.8 and ICCs range was 0.827 to 0.982; total C-OSDI score was not statistically different between the two versions. The values of mean-squares fit statistics were very low compared to 1, indicating that the responses to the items by the model had a high degree of predictability. While comparing the favorability 72% (182/254) of the participants preferred web-based assessment. CONCLUSION: Web-based C-OSDI is reliable in assessing DED and correlation with the paper-based version is significant in all subscales and overall total score. Web-based C-OSDI can be administered to assess individuals with DED as participants predominantly favored online assessment.", "keywords": [ "Ocular Surface Disease Index", "dry eye", "web-based questionnaire", "Chinese version", "test-retest reliability", "patient-reported outcomes", "questionnaire validation", "Rasch analysis" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "http://ies.ijo.cn/gjyken/ch/reader/create_pdf.aspx?file_no=20210607&flag=1&journal_id=gjyken", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 51, "sources": [ "openalex" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3164080628", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2021-reliability-of-chinese-web-based-ocular/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2021.06.07" }, { "slug": "2021-screening-evaporative-dry-eyes-severity-using", "title": "Screening Evaporative Dry Eyes Severity Using an Infrared Image", "authors": [ { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Yilin Song", "orcid": "0000-0002-9664-2029" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Sumeet Singh Talwar", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Gagan Deep Singh Talwar", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Hongda Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7768-0169" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" } ], "year": 2021, "date": "2021-01-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Journal of Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1155/2021/8396503", "abstract": "Background . Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial and one of the most common problems treated in an ophthalmic outpatient clinic. Due to the variability in presentation, diagnosis of DED consists of a combination of subjective and objective clinical tests. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a handheld smartphone‐based infrared thermal (IRT) camera for screening symptomatic evaporative DED. Methods . This observational sex‐matched control study assessed IRT images of 184 right eyes (46 normal and 138 DED) of 184 participants. Evaporative DED was assessed using noninvasive tear breakup time, fluorescein staining, and the Chinese version of the ocular surface disease index (C‐OSDI) questionnaire and categorized into their respective dry eye symptomology group (none, mild, moderate, or severe). The ocular surface temperature (OST) at 8 anatomical regions of interest (ROI) (nasal conjunctiva, nasal limbus, nasal cornea, central cornea, inferior cornea, temporal limbus, temporal cornea, and temporal conjunctiva) were measured and compared using a handheld smartphone‐based IRT camera. The effectiveness of these 8 ROIs OST in detecting varying severity of DED was evaluated in terms of correlations with severity of DED and their area under the curve (AUC). Results . OST at the 8 anatomical ROI was significantly higher in DED participants than in the non‐DED group ( p < 0.05) except for inferior cornea, temporal limbus, and temporal conjunctival regions (>0.05). Analyzing 8 anatomical ROIs revealed that the nasal limbus had the highest Pearson correlation with the severity of DED (0.64, p < 0.001). Additionally, the nasal limbus ROI achieved the highest AUC of 0.79 (CI: 0.73–0.85; p < 0.05), sensitivity, and specificity (0.96 and 0.91) when comparing its ability to discriminated DED vs. non‐DED eyes. Conclusions . Rather than a diagnostic tool, handheld smartphone‐based IRT images can be considered as a rapid, noninvasive, and hygienic screening tool in discriminating DED and non‐DED and potentially alleviating inconvenience experienced during conventional tests.", "keywords": [ "evaporative dry eye disease", "infrared thermography", "ocular surface temperature", "tear film break-up time", "fluorescein staining", "Ocular Surface Disease Index", "non-invasive diagnosis" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/joph/2021/8396503.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 26, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3196115996", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2021-screening-evaporative-dry-eyes-severity-using/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8396503" }, { "slug": "2021-tear-film-interferometry-assessment-after-intense", "title": "Tear film interferometry assessment after intense pulsed light in dry eye disease: A randomized, single masked, sham-controlled study", "authors": [ { "name": "Yilin Song", "orcid": "0000-0002-9664-2029" }, { "name": "Sile Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-9956-2526" }, { "name": "Xingru He", "orcid": "0000-0002-4180-9290" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Gagan Deep Singh Talwar", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" } ], "year": 2021, "date": "2021-08-22", "type": "article", "venue": "Contact Lens and Anterior Eye", "doi": "10.1016/j.clae.2021.101499", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Inadequate meibomian glands (MGs) secretion can lead to dry eye signs and symptoms. Tear film lipid layer (TFLL) secreted by MGs protects and prevents rapid evaporation of tear film. The purpose was to assess TFLL alteration and function in patients with evaporative dry eye (EDE) using tear interferometry after optimal pulse light technology (OPT) intense pulsed light (IPL). METHODS: This prospective randomized examiner-masked sham- controlled study included 86 participants (142 eyes) with DED. IPL or sham procedure was performed on day 0, 21, and 42. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), non-invasive breakup time (NITBUT), interferometric fringe pattern determined TFLL quality, fluorescein staining (FS), and meibum gland (MG) were assessed at day 0, 21, 42 and 3-month. RESULTS: At 3-month, TFLL, NITBUT, MG drop-out, MG quality, MG expressibility, FS and OSDI improved significantly (P < 0.05) in the IPL group, while the sham group had no significant improvements. Except for Meibo-score and FS, all parameters significantly correlated with the improvement in TFLL following IPL treatment. Additionally, artificial tears usage was significantly less in the IPL group from D-42 onwards. CONCLUSION: IPL treatment demonstrated the ability to improve TFLL quality and clinically reduced sign and symptoms of DED thereby reducing the frequency of artificial tears use.", "keywords": [ "intense pulsed light", "dry eye", "evaporative dry eye", "tear film lipid layer", "meibomian glands", "non-invasive tear break-up time", "fluorescein staining", "meibography" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2021.101499", "oa_status": "hybrid", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 42, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3194462359", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2021-tear-film-interferometry-assessment-after-intense/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2021.101499" }, { "slug": "2021-the-efficacy-and-safety-of-yag", "title": "The Efficacy and Safety of YAG Laser Vitreolysis for Symptomatic Vitreous Floaters of Complete PVD or Non-PVD", "authors": [ { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Tongtong Li", "orcid": "0009-0001-6370-7332" }, { "name": "Xinmei Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-6474-3477" }, { "name": "Yan-Nian Hui", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Guangzheng Dai", "orcid": "0000-0002-5211-6377" }, { "name": "Lijun Shen", "orcid": "0000-0002-7518-2932" } ], "year": 2021, "date": "2021-11-15", "type": "article", "venue": "Ophthalmology and Therapy", "doi": "10.1007/s40123-021-00422-6", "abstract": "INTRODUCTION: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of YAG laser vitreolysis in treating symptomatic vitreous floaters of complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and non-PVD. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 51 eyes with symptomatic floaters were treated with YAG laser vitreolysis. Participants were divided into complete PVD and non-PVD groups. Objective visual quality measures including the Strehl ratio (SR), internal spherical aberration (SA), internal comatic aberration (CA), internal high-order aberration (HOA), area ratio of modulation transfer function (MTFa) and Vitreous Floaters Symptom Questionnaire (VFSQ-13) scores were used to compare the efficacy of YAG laser vitreolysis treatment between two groups. RESULTS: The mean age of all patients was 56.80 ± 10.82 years old. In total, 36 of 51 (70.59%; 95% CI 58.10-83.10) patients reported their symptoms as significant or complete improvement after YAG laser vitreolysis treatment. Post-treatment MTFa, internal SA and internal HOA were significantly better compared to baseline (26.19 ± 14.73 vs. 29.19 ± 17.98, p = 0.013; 0.05 ± 0.05 vs. 0.04 ± 0.04, p = 0.031 and 0.23 ± 0.22 vs. 0.16 ± 0.07, p = 0.044; respectively) in all eyes. Twenty-nine of 51 (56.86%) eyes had floaters of non-PVD type. Significant or complete subjective improvements in the PVD group and non-PVD group were 72.73% and 68.97% (p = 0.344), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Improved subjective and objective visual quality in participants with symptomatic floaters following YAG laser vitreolysis was found in both groups. The efficacy of YAG laser vitreolysis was comparable in floaters of complete PVD and non-PVD types.", "keywords": [ "vitreous floaters", "posterior vitreous detachment", "visual quality", "higher-order aberrations", "modulation transfer function", "Strehl ratio", "treatment efficacy and safety" ], "themes": [ "retina" ], "open_access_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40123-021-00422-6.pdf", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc", "pdf": null, "citations": 23, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3211627457", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2021-the-efficacy-and-safety-of-yag/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-021-00422-6" }, { "slug": "2021-treatment-of-contact-lens-related-dry", "title": "Treatment of contact lens related dry eye with intense pulsed light", "authors": [ { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Qing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7777-6777" }, { "name": "Yi Wu", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-6737" }, { "name": "Yilin Song", "orcid": "0000-0002-9664-2029" }, { "name": "Guanghao Qin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1596-7970" }, { "name": "Hongda Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7768-0169" }, { "name": "Jun Li", "orcid": "0000-0001-9121-6162" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0002-8024-1263" } ], "year": 2021, "date": "2021-04-28", "type": "article", "venue": "Contact Lens and Anterior Eye", "doi": "10.1016/j.clae.2021.101449", "abstract": "Aim The prevalence of contact lens related dry eye (CLDE) is high and can lead to ocular discomfort, reduced quality of vision and life. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment in alleviating signs and symptoms of CLDE. Design Prospective, randomised, examiner masked study. Methods This prospective study was conducted on 152 eyes of 76 patients (IPL group, n=76 eyes; control group, n=76 eyes) wearing contact lens (CL) and experiencing CLDE for more than 1 year. The IPL treatment group underwent two IPL treatment sessions at 3-week intervals while the control group received sham IPL treatment. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), non-invasive breakup time (NITBUT), tear film lipid layer (TFLL) quality, fluorescein staining (FS), meibum gland (MG) quality and expression, endothelial cell count (ECC) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were assessed at baseline (D-0), day-21 (D-21) and day-42 (D-42) after IPL treatment. Results The mean age of treatment group and control group was 28.47 ± 5.16 years (21 females, 28 %) and 28.58 ± 4.33 years (23 females, 30 %) respectively. IPL treatment group had clinically and statistically significant improvement in mean NITBUT was observed at D14 (5.24 s, P< 0.001) and D28 (6.08 s, P< 0.001). OSDI, TFLL score and MG quality and expressibility all improved significantly ( P< 0.001) at D-42, whereas BCVA, ECC and IOP showed no significant changes at D-21 and D-42 in IPL treatment group. The control group showed no significant improvement in all parameters at D-21 and D-42. Conclusion Our findings suggest that CL related DE can be safely alleviated with IPL treatment as it reduced the severity of symptoms, improved the overall tear film stability and reduced artificial tear use in participants with CLDE.", "keywords": [ "intense pulsed light", "meibography", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "tear film stability", "tear film lipid layer", "Ocular Surface Disease Index", "fluorescein staining", "endothelial cell count" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "http://www.contactlensjournal.com/article/S1367048421000606/pdf", "oa_status": "hybrid", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 50, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4228998308", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2021-treatment-of-contact-lens-related-dry/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2021.101449" }, { "slug": "2020-accuracy-of-intraocular-lens-calculation-formulas", "title": "Accuracy of intraocular lens calculation formulas in cataract patients with steep corneal curvature", "authors": [ { "name": "Chenguang Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-5351-9664" }, { "name": "Guangzheng Dai", "orcid": "0000-0002-5211-6377" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Xianwei Wu", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Hongda Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-7768-0169" }, { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0001-8653-8861" } ], "year": 2020, "date": "2020-11-20", "type": "article", "venue": "PLoS ONE", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0241630", "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of five kinds of intraocular lens calculation formulas (SRK/T, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay and Barrett Universal Ⅱ) in cataract patients with steep curvature cornea ≥ 46.0 diopters. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in patients with steep curvature cornea (corneal curvature ≥ 46D). The refractive prediction errors of IOL power calculation formulas (SRK/T, Haigis, Holladay, Hoffer Q, and Barrett Universal II) using User Group for Laser Interference Biometry (ULIB) constants were evaluated and compared. Objective refraction results were assessed at one month postoperatively. According to axial length (AL), all patients were divided into three groups: short AL group (<22mm), normal AL group (>22 to ≤24.5mm) and long AL group (>24.5mm). Calculate the refractive error and absolute refractive error (AE) between the actual postoperative refractive power and the predicted postoperative refractive power. The covariance analysis was used for the comparison of five formulas in each group. The correlation between the absolute refractive error and AL from every formula were analyzed by Pearson correlation test, respectively. RESULT: Total 112 eyes of 83 cataract patients with steep curvature cornea were collected. The anterior chamber depth (ACD) was a covariate in the short AL group in the covariance analysis of absolute refractive error (P<0.001). The SRK/T and Holladay formula had the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) (0.47D), there were statistically significant differences in MAE between the five formulas for short AL group (P = 0.024). The anterior chamber depth had no significant correlation in the five calculation formulas in the normal AL group and long AL group (P = 0.521, P = 0.609 respectively). In the normal AL group, there was no significant difference in MAE between the five calculation formulas (P = 0.609). In the long AL group, Barrett Universal II formula had the lowest MAE (0.35), and there were statistically significant differences in MAE between the five formulas (P = 0.012). Over the entire AL range, the Barrett Universal II formula had the lowest MAE and the highest percentage of eyes within ± 0.50 D, ± 1.00 D, and ± 1.50 D (69.6%, 93.8%, and 98.2% respectively). CONCLUSION: Compared to SRK/T, Haigis, Hoffer Q, and Holladay, Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula is more accurate in predicting the IOL power in the cataract patients with steep curvature cornea ≥ 46.0 diopters.", "keywords": [ "intraocular lens power calculation", "cataract surgery", "refractive prediction error", "axial length", "Barrett Universal II formula", "SRK/T formula", "Haigis formula", "Hoffer Q formula" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0241630&type=printable", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 31, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3098956420", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2020-accuracy-of-intraocular-lens-calculation-formulas/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241630" }, { "slug": "2020-chinese-web-based-ocular-surface-disease", "title": "Chinese Web-based Ocular Surface Disease Index (C-OSDI) Questionnaire in Dry Eye Patients: Reliability Study (Preprint)", "authors": [ { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Qingxia Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-0391-8410" }, { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Can Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-3226-7282" }, { "name": "Yue You", "orcid": "0000-0002-8224-7159" }, { "name": "Chenguang Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-5351-9664" }, { "name": "Xinmei Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-4495-1444" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0001-8653-8861" } ], "year": 2020, "date": "2020-03-09", "type": "preprint", "venue": null, "doi": "10.2196/preprints.18629", "abstract": "BACKGROUND Validated paper-based questionnaires such as the Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) provides a reliable assessment for patients’ ocular surface health. It is one of the most widely used survey instruments worldwide, following its first introduction in 1997. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the reliability of the web-based version of OSDI in Chinese (C-OSDI) on clinically diagnosed dry eye (DE) patients METHODS A total of 265 Chinese patients (51% male, 129/254; mean age 27.90±9.06 years) with DE completed the paper-based and web-based questionnaires in a randomised crossover design. Ophthalmology examination and DE assessment were performed before the patients were invited to join the study. Patients were randomly assigned to group A (paper-based first and web-based second) or group B (web-based first and paper-based second). All patients included in the final data analysis had completed both versions of the C-OSDI questionnaire. Descriptive sociodemographic characteristics, test-retest reliability, and agreement rates for single items, subscale, and total score were analysed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Spearman rank correlation, and Wilcoxon test were used. RESULTS Reliability indexes were acceptable, with Pearson correlations greater than .8 and ICCs ranging from .827 to .982; total C-OSDI scores was not statistically different between the two versions. Patients’ survey revealed 72% (182/254) of the participants in this study preferred the web-based over the paper-based version. CONCLUSIONS The web-based version of the C-OSDI questionnaire is reliable for patients with DED and demonstrated significant correlations with the paper-based version in all subscales and the total score. The web-based version of the C-OSDI questionnaire can be used to monitor individuals with DED as a majority of participants preferred the web-based version.", "keywords": [ "Ocular Surface Disease Index", "dry eye", "web-based questionnaire", "paper-based questionnaires", "test-retest reliability", "Chinese patients", "patient-reported outcomes" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.18629", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W4240387486", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2020-chinese-web-based-ocular-surface-disease/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.18629" }, { "slug": "2020-exploring-the-effect-of-hypertension-on", "title": "Exploring the effect of hypertension on retinal microvasculature using deep learning on East Asian population", "authors": [ { "name": "Guangzheng Dai", "orcid": "0000-0002-5211-6377" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0003-0161-3274" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Tiezhu Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-6000-8774" }, { "name": "Shasha Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2855-3999" }, { "name": "Chenguang Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-5351-9664" } ], "year": 2020, "date": "2020-03-05", "type": "article", "venue": "PLoS ONE", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0230111", "abstract": "Hypertension is the leading risk factor of cardiovascular disease and has profound effects on both the structure and function of the microvasculature. Abnormalities of the retinal vasculature may reflect the degree of microvascular damage due to hypertension, and these changes can be detected with fundus photographs. This study aimed to use deep learning technique that can detect subclinical features appearing below the threshold of a human observer to explore the effect of hypertension on morphological features of retinal microvasculature. We collected 2012 retinal photographs which included 1007 from patients with a diagnosis of hypertension and 1005 from normotensive control. By method of vessel segmentation, we removed interference information other than retinal vasculature and contained only morphological information about blood vessels. Using these segmented images, we trained a small convolutional neural networks (CNN) classification model and used a deep learning technique called Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) to generate heat maps for the class \"hypertension\". Our model achieved an accuracy of 60.94%, a specificity of 51.54%, a precision of 59.27%, and a recall of 70.48%. The AUC was 0.6506. In the heat maps for the class \"hypertension\", red patchy areas were mainly distributed on or around arterial/venous bifurcations. This indicated that the model has identified these regions as being the most important for predicting hypertension. Our study suggested that the effect of hypertension on retinal microvascular morphology mainly occurred at branching of vessels. The change of the branching pattern of retinal vessels was probably the most significant in response to elevated blood pressure.", "keywords": [ "hypertension", "retinal microvasculature", "retinal vessel segmentation", "fundus images", "convolutional neural networks", "Grad-CAM", "heatmaps", "East Asian populations" ], "themes": [ "retina", "ai-imaging" ], "open_access_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0230111&type=printable", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 77, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3009736969", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2020-exploring-the-effect-of-hypertension-on/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230111" }, { "slug": "2020-intense-pulse-light-for-treating-post", "title": "Intense Pulse Light for Treating Post-LASIK Refractory Dry Eye", "authors": [ { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "He Huang", "orcid": "0000-0002-4887-2671" }, { "name": "Qing-Xia Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-0391-8410" }, { "name": "Can Zhang", "orcid": "0009-0005-9191-6704" }, { "name": "Yue You", "orcid": "0000-0002-8224-7159" }, { "name": "Lanting Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1362-4827" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0001-8653-8861" } ], "year": 2020, "date": "2020-12-09", "type": "article", "venue": "Photobiomodulation Photomedicine and Laser Surgery", "doi": "10.1089/photob.2020.4931", "abstract": "Objective: Optimal pulse technology-intense pulse light (OPT-IPL) treatment on patients with post-LASIK refractory dry eye (DE). Background: The prevalence of dry eye disease is common and can lead to ocular discomfort, reduced visual acuity, lowered quality of vision and life. Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted on 72 eyes of 36 patients (treatment group, n = 42 eyes; control group, n = 30 eyes) who had previously undergone myopic LASIK correction with subsequent refractory DE. All eyes fulfilled the Japanese DE criteria and had not responded to conventional DE treatment. The treatment group underwent two OPT-IPL treatment sessions at 2-week intervals, while the control group received no treatment. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ocular surface disease index (OSDI), noninvasive breakup time (NITBUT), tear film lipid layer (TFLL) quality, corneal fluorescein staining, meibum gland (MG), endothelial cell count (ECC), and intraocular pressure (IOP) were assessed at baseline (D0), day-14 (D14) and day-28 (D28) after OPT-IPL treatment. Results: The mean age of treatment group and control group was 30.48 ± 5.16 years (12 females, 57%) and 31.00 ± 4.33 years (8 females, 53%), respectively. Treatment group had clinically and statistically significant improvement in NITBUT and was observed at D14 ( p < 0.001) and D28 ( p < 0.001). OSDI, TFLL score, and MG quality and expressibility improved significantly ( p < 0.05) at D28, whereas BCVA, ECC, and IOP showed no significant changes at D14 and D28 between the groups. Conclusions: Our results suggest that post-LASIK refractory DE is safely treated with OPT-IPL treatment. OPT-IPL treatment reduced the severity of symptoms and improved the overall tear film stability in patients with severe refractory DE post-LASIK surgery. In addition, the frequency of artificial tears usage was significantly less and can be attributed to the reduction in OSDI scores due to improved TFLL and tear film stability.", "keywords": [ "refractory dry eye", "myopic LASIK", "tear film stability", "tear film lipid layer", "Ocular Surface Disease Index", "corneal fluorescein staining", "endothelial cell count", "artificial tears" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface", "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 41, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3112115368", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2020-intense-pulse-light-for-treating-post/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2020.4931" }, { "slug": "2020-prevalence-of-symptomatic-dry-eye-in", "title": "Prevalence of symptomatic dry eye in breast cancer patients undergoing systemic adjuvant treatment: A cross-sectional study", "authors": [ { "name": "Jinfei Ma", "orcid": "0000-0002-4124-4760" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Zihao Zou", "orcid": "0000-0003-0431-3867" }, { "name": "Feng Jin", "orcid": "0000-0002-0325-5362" } ], "year": 2020, "date": "2020-08-05", "type": "article", "venue": "The Breast", "doi": "10.1016/j.breast.2020.07.009", "abstract": "OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of symptomatic dry eye (SDE) on women undergoing systemic adjuvant therapy for breast cancer and its association with treatment settings. METHODS: Woman undergoing breast cancer systemic adjuvant therapy were included in exposure group. An age-matched non-treatment control group was recruited. This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study utilised validated Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and NCCN-FACT-Breast Cancer Symptom Index (NFBSI-16) questionnaires to determine the presence of SDE and investigate other breast cancer treatment complications. Additionally, demographic data and medical histories were collected. RESULTS: Of 423 eligible participants, 200 in each of the control group and the exposure group were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of SDE was 59.0% in breast cancer patients with adjuvant treatment, statistically significantly higher than 25.5% in the control group (P < 0.01). Additionally, exposure group experienced higher prevalence of moderate and severe SDE, which were 20.0% and 19.5% respectively compared with 9.0% and 4.0% in the control group (P = 0.002, P < 0.001). There was a significantly high prevalence of SDE among patients who had received over four cycles of systemic therapy (71.0%, P < 0.001) and the application of targeted therapy (71.2%, P = 0.014). The severity of SDE positively correlated with the cycles of treatment administered. CONCLUSION: SDE was significantly predominant in women with breast cancer undergoing systemic adjuvant treatment. Our findings suggest dry eye assessments among patients receiving more than four cycles of chemotherapy or targeted therapy, thus early revealing possible dry eye conditions to both patients and clinicians for further specialized examination and treatment.", "keywords": [ "breast cancer", "adjuvant systemic therapy", "chemotherapy", "targeted therapy", "dry eye prevalence", "treatment complications", "Ocular Surface Disease Index", "dry eye severity" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2020.07.009", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by-nc-nd", "pdf": null, "citations": 39, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3047021448", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2020-prevalence-of-symptomatic-dry-eye-in/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2020.07.009" }, { "slug": "2020-subjective-quality-of-vision-in-evaporative", "title": "Subjective Quality of Vision in Evaporative Dry Eye Patients After Intense Pulsed Light", "authors": [ { "name": "Qing-Xia Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-0391-8410" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Yue You", "orcid": "0000-0002-8224-7159" }, { "name": "Can Zhang", "orcid": "0009-0005-9191-6704" }, { "name": "Chenguang Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-5351-9664" }, { "name": "Ling Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7293-4983" }, { "name": "Wei He", "orcid": "0000-0001-8653-8861" } ], "year": 2020, "date": "2020-05-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Photobiomodulation Photomedicine and Laser Surgery", "doi": "10.1089/photob.2019.4788", "abstract": "Background and objective: Intense pulsed light (IPL) improves visual and clinical symptoms of dry eye disease and helps improve meibomian gland (MG) function thereby positively contributing to the tear lipid layer, a major component for a normal tear film physiology. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of IPL in moderate to severe evaporative dry eye (DE) owing to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) on the subjective quality of vision (QOV). Methods: This is a prospective, open-label study; patients with moderate to severe evaporative DE owing to MGD were consecutively enrolled and underwent two IPL treatment sessions at 3-week intervals. Clinical assessments included: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and QOV questionnaires, noninvasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), interferometric fringe pattern as determined by tear film lipid layer (TFLL) quality, lid margin abnormalities, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), conjunctival hyperemia (CH) redness score, MG (evaluated with a slit-lamp microscope), best-corrected visual acuity, endothelial cell count, and intraocular pressure were conducted at pretreatment, days 21 and 42 after IPL treatment. Results: A total of 128 eyes of 64 patients (39 women, 25 men; mean age 36.09 ± 11.13 years) with moderate to severe DE owing to MGD consecutively received IPL treatment at days 1 and 21. OSDI ( p < 0.05), QOV ( p < 0.05), NITBUT ( p < 0.05), TFLL score ( p < 0.05), and MG quality and expressibility ( p < 0.05) improved significantly at day 42, whereas CFS and CH showed minor not significant improvements ( p > 0.05) at day 42 of assessment. Conclusions: IPL treatment reduced the severity of DE symptoms and improved the overall tear film stability in patients with moderate to severe evaporative DE owing to MGD. In addition, visual complaints experienced by DE patients secondary to MGD significantly decreased.", "keywords": [ "intense pulsed light", "evaporative dry eye", "meibomian gland dysfunction", "tear film stability", "meibomian gland function", "Ocular Surface Disease Index", "interferometric fringe patterns", "fluorescein staining" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 34, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3023564846", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2020-subjective-quality-of-vision-in-evaporative/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2019.4788" }, { "slug": "2018-investigating-the-impact-of-preoperative-corneal", "title": "Investigating the impact of preoperative corneal astigmatism orientation on the postoperative spherical equivalent refraction following intraocular lens implantation", "authors": [ { "name": "Richard N. McNeely", "orcid": "0000-0002-2606-3582" }, { "name": "Salissou Moutari", "orcid": "0000-0002-9723-3972" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" } ], "year": 2018, "date": "2018-04-17", "type": "article", "venue": "Eye and Vision", "doi": "10.1186/s40662-018-0103-4", "abstract": "BACKGROUND: To investigate the impact of the orientation of preoperative corneal astigmatism on achieving the postoperative target refraction following monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. METHODS: This study enrolled 339 eyes who had uneventful cataract surgery or refractive lens exchange (RLE) with subsequent monofocal IOL implantation. Eyes were initially categorized dependent upon axial length and then on the orientation of preoperative anterior corneal astigmatism. Group 1 had against-the-rule (ATR) anterior corneal astigmatism, group 2 had with-the-rule (WTR) anterior corneal astigmatism, and group 3 had oblique (OB) anterior corneal astigmatism. The preoperative corneal astigmatism was determined by the IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG). Postoperative refraction was completed for all eyes, and the results were calculated and compared for the separate groups. RESULTS: In eyes with axial lengths greater than 22.0 mm and less than 25.0 mm there was a significant difference between the magnitude of preoperative corneal astigmatism between groups 2 and 3 with 0.827 ± 0.376 D in group 2, and 0.677 ± 0.387 D in group 3. The mean postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) prediction error was - 0.132 ± 0.475 D in group 1, 0.026 ± 0.497 D in group 2, and - 0.130 ± 0.477 D in group 3. There was a significant difference between groups 1 and 2. There was no significant difference in the magnitude of preoperative corneal astigmatism and postoperative SE prediction error between the anterior corneal astigmatism orientation groups in eyes with axial lengths of less than or equal to 22.0 mm and greater than or equal to 25.0 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The orientation of preoperative anterior corneal astigmatism significantly affected the postoperative biometry prediction error in eyes with astigmatism of 1.75 D or less in eyes with the axial length between 22.0 mm and 25.0 mm. However, the results were not clinically significant.", "keywords": [ "monofocal intraocular lens", "refractive lens exchange", "cataract surgery", "spherical equivalent refraction", "axial length", "against-the-rule astigmatism", "with-the-rule astigmatism", "oblique astigmatism" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface", "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://eandv.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40662-018-0103-4", "oa_status": "gold", "license": "cc-by", "pdf": null, "citations": 2, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2802884706", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2018-investigating-the-impact-of-preoperative-corneal/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-018-0103-4" }, { "slug": "2018-the-use-of-an-alternative-application", "title": "The use of an alternative application of the of the Rasch model to assess the impact of lifestyle on the responses of a quality of vision questionnaire", "authors": [ { "name": "RN McNeely", "orcid": null }, { "name": "S Moutari", "orcid": null }, { "name": "E Pazo", "orcid": null }, { "name": "MA Nesbit", "orcid": null }, { "name": "T CB", "orcid": null }, { "name": "JEM Moore", "orcid": null } ], "year": 2018, "date": null, "type": null, "venue": "Visual performance and quality of vision questionnaire outcomes in …, 2018", "doi": null, "abstract": "", "keywords": [], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": null, "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "scholar" ], "openalex_id": null, "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2018-the-use-of-an-alternative-application/", "doi_url": null }, { "slug": "2018-unilateral-ectasia-after-small-incision-lenticule", "title": "Unilateral ectasia after small-incision lenticule extraction", "authors": [ { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Richard N. McNeely", "orcid": "0000-0002-2606-3582" }, { "name": "Samuel Arba‐Mosquera", "orcid": "0000-0002-3152-0557" }, { "name": "Christoph Palme", "orcid": "0000-0002-7986-0294" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" } ], "year": 2018, "date": "2018-12-17", "type": "article", "venue": "Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery", "doi": "10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.10.018", "abstract": "A 23-year-old man developed unilateral corneal ectasia after bilateral small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). The preoperative corneal topography was normal, with a minimum corneal thickness of 582 μm and 586 μm in the right eye and left eye, respectively. The refractive correction was -3.00 diopters (D) sphere in the right eye and -3.50 D sphere in the left eye. At the 12-month postoperative visit, corneal topography showed early signs of ectasia in the right eye; the ectasia had deteriorated by the 15-month examination. Corneal crosslinking was performed to arrest further progression. At the last examination, the uncorrected distance visual acuity in the right eye was 0.1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and the corrected distance visual acuity, -0.1 logMAR.", "keywords": [ "corneal ectasia", "small incision lenticule extraction", "smiling", "refractive surgery complications", "corneal cross-linking", "corneal topography", "corneal thickness", "visual acuity" ], "themes": [ "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 21, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2905303320", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2018-unilateral-ectasia-after-small-incision-lenticule/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.10.018" }, { "slug": "2017-evaluation-of-visual-performance-and-vision", "title": "Evaluation of visual performance and vision questionnaires in intraocular lens implantation and laser refractive surgery", "authors": [ { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" } ], "year": 2017, "date": "2017-01-01", "type": "dissertation", "venue": "Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University)", "doi": null, "abstract": "", "keywords": [ "visual performance", "intraocular lens implantation", "laser refractive surgery", "patient-reported outcomes", "visual function assessment" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/ws/files/12683592/Pazo.eric.PhD_thesis.pdf", "oa_status": "green", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 0, "sources": [ "openalex" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W3003322833", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2017-evaluation-of-visual-performance-and-vision/", "doi_url": null }, { "slug": "2017-pupil-influence-on-the-quality-of", "title": "Pupil influence on the quality of vision in rotationally asymmetric multifocal IOLs with surface-embedded near segment", "authors": [ { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Richard N. McNeely", "orcid": "0000-0002-2606-3582" }, { "name": "Olivier Richoz", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Andrew M. Nesbit", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Tara Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-9326" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" } ], "year": 2017, "date": "2017-11-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery", "doi": "10.1016/j.jcrs.2017.08.013", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To evaluate the influences of preoperative pupil parameters on the visual outcomes of the SBL-3, a rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) with a surface-embedded near segment. SETTING: Cathedral Eye Clinic, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. DESIGN: Retrospective comparative case series. METHODS: Postoperatively, patients divided into 4 groups according to their pupil size as follows: Group A: 2.50 to 2.99 mm, Group B: 3.00 to 3.50 mm, Group C: 3.51 to 4.00 mm, and Group D: 4.01 to 4.50 mm. The uncorrected distance (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA), and near (UNVA) visual acuities, IOL centration and tilt, and quality of vision (QoV) questionnaires were compared between the 4 groups for 18 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The study comprised 90 patients (180 eyes). The mean preoperative pupil (photopic and mesopic) diameter was 4.3 mm ± 0.3 (SD) and 5.6 ± 1.4 mm, respectively, which decreased to 3.8 ± 0.7 mm and 4.9 ± 1.2 mm, respectively, at 18 months. Eighteen months postoperatively, both photopic and mesopic pupil groups had a statistically significant reduction in size from preoperative levels. No significant differences in UDVA, UIVA, and UNVA were found between the groups (P > .001). Significant differences in the QoV questionnaire day scores and night scores were found between the 4 groups (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The rotationally asymmetric multifocal IOL provided excellent optical performance during 18-months follow-up. The preoperative photopic pupil is an important parameter for consideration of this type of IOL because smaller pupils have a significant negative subjective impact on QoV.", "keywords": [ "pupil size", "visual quality", "visual acuity", "cataract surgery outcomes" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 21, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2773498337", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2017-pupil-influence-on-the-quality-of/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2017.08.013" }, { "slug": "2017-visual-outcomes-and-patient-satisfaction-3", "title": "Visual outcomes and patient satisfaction 3 and 12 months after implantation of a refractive rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens", "authors": [ { "name": "Richard N. McNeely", "orcid": "0000-0002-2606-3582" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Andrew Spence", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Olivier Richoz", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Andrew M. Nesbit", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Tara Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-9326" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" } ], "year": 2017, "date": "2017-05-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery", "doi": "10.1016/j.jcrs.2017.01.025", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To assess the 3-month and 12-month postoperative visual performance and subjective patient satisfaction after refractive lens exchange (RLE) with implantation of a rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL). SETTING: Cathedral Eye Clinic, Belfast, United Kingdom. DESIGN: Prospective case series. METHODS: The refraction, uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuities, uncorrected intermediate (UIVA) and near (UNVA) visual acuities, distance-corrected intermediate and near visual acuities, and a quality of vision (QoV) questionnaire were evaluated 3 months and 12 months after implantation of an SBL-3 IOL. RESULTS: The study enrolled 100 eyes of 50 patients. The mean monocular UDVA was -0.02 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) ± 0.12 (SD) 3 months postoperatively and -0.01 ± 0.10 logMAR at 12 months (P = .393). The mean monocular UIVA was 0.39 ± 0.11 logMAR and 0.41 ± 0.12 logMAR, respectively (P = .06). The mean monocular UNVA was 0.12 ± 0.13 logMAR and 0.14 ± 0.12 logMAR, respectively (P = .077). The mean QoV score was 8.26 ± 1.16 at 3 months with a significant improvement at 12 months, at which time the mean QoV score was 8.84 ± 1.08 (P ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS: This asymmetric multifocal IOL provided excellent unaided vision with no significant difference in near, intermediate, and distance vision 3 months and 12 months postoperatively. However, there was a significant improvement in subjective outcomes at the second postoperative assessment, during which patients reported a significantly better QoV score and less blurred vision.", "keywords": [ "refractive lens exchange", "patient satisfaction", "visual quality", "visual acuity", "intermediate and near vision", "postoperative outcomes", "blurred vision" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": null, "oa_status": "closed", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 27, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2622324232", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2017-visual-outcomes-and-patient-satisfaction-3/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2017.01.025" }, { "slug": "2017-visual-quality-and-performance-comparison-between", "title": "Visual quality and performance comparison between 2 refractive rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lenses", "authors": [ { "name": "Richard N. McNeely", "orcid": "0000-0002-2606-3582" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Andrew Spence", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Olivier Richoz", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Andrew M. Nesbit", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Tara Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-9326" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" } ], "year": 2017, "date": "2017-08-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery", "doi": "10.1016/j.jcrs.2017.05.039", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To compare the 12-month postoperative quality of vision and visual performance of 2 different refractive rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). SETTING: Cathedral Eye Clinic, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Refractive lens exchange (RLE) patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A comprised eyes receiving a Lentis Mplus LS-312 MF30 IOL and Group B, eyes receiving a Lenstec SBL-3 IOL. Refraction, uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuities, uncorrected intermediate (UIVA) and near (UNVA) visual acuities, distance-corrected intermediate and near (DCNVA) visual acuities, and quality of vision were evaluated preoperatively and up to 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Each group comprised 90 eyes. Both groups had a high level of quality of vision 12 months postoperatively with no significant difference between the 2 groups (P = .919). There was no significant between-group difference in mean monocular and binocular UDVA, monocular UIVA, or monocular UNVA. Group B had statistically significantly better mean monocular DCNVA (P = .049), binocular UNVA (P = .011), and binocular DCNVA (P = .035). Group B had a higher percentage of complete spectacle independence. CONCLUSIONS: Both refractive rotationally asymmetric multifocal IOLs provided an excellent level of quality of vision 12 months postoperatively. Both IOL models restored distance, intermediate, and near visual function; however the IOLs in Group B provided better near visual performance.", "keywords": [ "refractive lens exchange", "visual quality", "visual acuity", "intermediate visual acuity", "spectacle independence", "intraocular lens comparison" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/32d07291-c165-4a3a-9cdf-93669f198ccf", "oa_status": "green", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 45, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2754961273", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2017-visual-quality-and-performance-comparison-between/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2017.05.039" }, { "slug": "2016-comparison-of-the-visual-performance-and", "title": "Comparison of the visual performance and quality of vision with combined symmetrical inferonasal near addition versus inferonasal and superotemporal placement of rotationally asymmetric refractive multifocal intraocular lenses", "authors": [ { "name": "Richard N. McNeely", "orcid": "0000-0002-2606-3582" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Andrew Spence", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Olivier Richoz", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Andrew M. Nesbit", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Tara Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-9326" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" } ], "year": 2016, "date": "2016-12-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery", "doi": "10.1016/j.jcrs.2016.10.016", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To compare the postoperative quality of vision between different bilateral placements of near segments of rotationally asymmetric refractive multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and to determine how this affects visual performance. SETTING: Cathedral Eye Clinic, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. DESIGN: Retrospective comparative case series. METHODS: The study enrolled consecutive patients having refractive lens exchange and implantation of rotationally asymmetric multifocal IOLs. Group 1 received bilateral SBL-3 IOLs and Group 2 received bilateral Lentis Mplus LS-312 MF30 IOLs, with the near segments placed inferonasally in each group. Group 3 received a Lentis Mplus LS-312 MF20 IOL in the dominant eye with the near segment positioned superotemporal and a Lenstec SBL-3 IOL positioned inferonasally in the fellow eye. Binocular uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuities, binocular uncorrected near (UNVA) and intermediate (UIVA) visual acuities, binocular distance-corrected near and intermediate visual acuities, and quality of vision were evaluated over 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The study enrolled 180 patients (360 eyes). There was no significant difference between the groups in binocular UDVA, UIVA, and UNVA; however, there was a significant difference between the groups in quality of vision (P ≤ .001). Group 3 had significantly better overall quality of vision. CONCLUSION: When implanting rotationally asymmetric multifocal IOLs, a combination of superotemporal placement of the near segment (+2.00 diopter [D] addition [add]) in the dominant eye with inferonasal placement of the near segment (+3.00 D add) in the fellow eye yielded consistent, high overall quality of vision and uncorrected visual acuity. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.", "keywords": [ "refractive lens exchange", "visual quality", "visual performance", "uncorrected visual acuity", "intermediate vision" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/4e731d83-3a18-483f-a652-757e2a176c6a", "oa_status": "green", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 27, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2563267556", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2016-comparison-of-the-visual-performance-and/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2016.10.016" }, { "slug": "2016-optimized-visual-outcome-after-asymmetrical-multifocal", "title": "Optimized Visual Outcome After Asymmetrical Multifocal IOL Rotation", "authors": [ { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Olivier Richoz", "orcid": null }, { "name": "Richard N. McNeely", "orcid": "0000-0002-2606-3582" }, { "name": "Zack Millar", "orcid": "0000-0002-7869-2196" }, { "name": "Tara Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-9326" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" } ], "year": 2016, "date": "2016-07-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Journal of Refractive Surgery", "doi": "10.3928/1081597x-20160503-01", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To report improved visual outcome after rotation of an asymmetrical multifocal intraocular lens (IOL). METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 58-year-old patient underwent bilateral phacoemulsification with asymmetrical multifocal IOL implantation. Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 0.0 logMAR (20/20 Snellen) and uncorrected near visual acuity was 0.0 logMAR (20/20 Snellen) in both eyes. Quality of vision questionnaire scores for day and night were 5 and 7, respectively. The center of the multifocal IOL in the dominant eye was initially found to be 0.2 mm superotemporally displaced, increasing the percentage area of 'near-add' compared to 'distance-add' within the physiological pupil. Rotation of this IOL 120° clockwise greatly improved the IOL centration within the pupil center and resulted in an immediate improvement in UDVA to -0.1 logMAR (20/16 Snellen) and quality of vision questionnaire scores to 8 and 9, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of the centration of an asymmetrical multifocal IOL is important, particularly if there are dysphotoptic or other visual complaints. [J Refract Surg. 2016;32(7):494-496.].", "keywords": [ "IOL rotation", "IOL centration", "phacoemulsification", "visual outcome", "visual quality", "near visual acuity", "distance visual acuity", "dysphotopsia" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/872abddd-df07-458d-bd89-cdd67be78b75", "oa_status": "green", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 22, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2462703823", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2016-optimized-visual-outcome-after-asymmetrical-multifocal/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597x-20160503-01" }, { "slug": "2016-rotationally-asymmetric-multifocal-intraocular-lenses", "title": "Rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lenses", "authors": [ { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" }, { "name": "Richard N. McNeely", "orcid": "0000-0002-2606-3582" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Tara Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-9326" } ], "year": 2016, "date": "2016-11-08", "type": "article", "venue": "Current Opinion in Ophthalmology", "doi": "10.1097/icu.0000000000000339", "abstract": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The manuscript presents a review of recently published studies reporting objective and subjective outcomes and preoperative considerations of asymmetrical multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). RECENT FINDINGS: Current publications suggest that asymmetrical multifocal IOLs provide good, distance, intermediate and near vision for cataract and clear lens extraction patients. The contrast sensitivity achieved is similar to monofocal IOLs. Photopic phenomenon such as glare and halos has been reduced through the use of these IOLs leading to better patient satisfaction. Centration plays a critical role and the lack of a gold standard assessment tool has led to a minority of patients experiencing lower quality of vision and side-effects such as glare and hazy vision. The frequency of dissatisfied patients can be minimized by appropriate patient selection. This is achieved by assessing pupil parameters which guides the surgeon to align the IOL accordingly. SUMMARY: Asymmetric multifocal IOLs provide the surgeon with an IOL that achieves excellent visual and refractive outcomes enabling patients to see clearly at a range of distances. Subjectively patients report low levels of photopic phenomena and high levels of spectacle independence resulting in high overall patient satisfaction.", "keywords": [ "cataract surgery", "clear lens extraction", "IOL centration", "glare and halos", "contrast sensitivity", "patient satisfaction", "spectacle independence", "patient selection" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery" ], "open_access_url": "https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/181020d0-706f-4412-8b86-d2fd4d456ba7", "oa_status": "green", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 35, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2556787491", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2016-rotationally-asymmetric-multifocal-intraocular-lenses/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/icu.0000000000000339" }, { "slug": "2016-threshold-limit-of-postoperative-astigmatism-for", "title": "Threshold limit of postoperative astigmatism for patient satisfaction after refractive lens exchange and multifocal intraocular lens implantation", "authors": [ { "name": "Richard N. McNeely", "orcid": "0000-0002-2606-3582" }, { "name": "Emmanuel Eric Pazo", "orcid": "0000-0002-0848-827X" }, { "name": "Zack Millar", "orcid": "0000-0002-7869-2196" }, { "name": "Olivier Richoz", "orcid": null }, { "name": "M. Andrew Nesbit", "orcid": "0000-0001-7222-4124" }, { "name": "Tara Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-9326" }, { "name": "Jonathan Edward Moore", "orcid": "0000-0002-3133-0825" } ], "year": 2016, "date": "2016-08-01", "type": "article", "venue": "Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery", "doi": "10.1016/j.jcrs.2016.05.007", "abstract": "PURPOSE: To determine the degree of tolerance toward different magnitudes of residual refractive astigmatism and corneal astigmatism and the angles of corneal astigmatism after implantation of an asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL). SETTING: Cathedral Eye Clinic, Belfast, United Kingdom. DESIGN: Retrospective comparative case series. METHODS: The study enrolled patients having refractive lens exchange and implantation of a Lentis Mplus LS-312 MF30 IOL. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuities, uncorrected near and intermediate visual acuities, and quality-of-vision questionnaires were evaluated. Groups were categorized based on the magnitude of refractive astigmatism and corneal residual astigmatism. Refractive astigmatism of less than 0.50 diopter (D) and more than 0.50 D and corneal astigmatism of 0.50 D or less, 0.51 to 0.75 D, 0.76 to 1.00 D, and more than 1.00 D were categorized. RESULTS: The study comprised 117 patients (234 eyes). There was a significant difference in UDVA (P = .003), refractive sphere (P = .001), and defocus equivalent (P ≤ .001) between the residual refractive astigmatism groups; however, there was no difference in quality of vision (P = .28). The same was found for corneal astigmatism with UDVA (P ≤ .001) and quality of vision (P = .16). The angle of corneal astigmatism in relation to IOL placement did not statistically affect postoperative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The IOL appeared to subjectively tolerate residual astigmatism well despite a statistically significant difference in UDVA with higher magnitudes of residual astigmatism. The angle of residual corneal astigmatism in relation to IOL placement did not have a significant effect on postoperative outcomes. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.", "keywords": [ "refractive astigmatism", "corneal astigmatism", "residual astigmatism", "multifocal intraocular lens", "refractive lens exchange", "patient satisfaction", "visual quality", "visual acuity" ], "themes": [ "cataract-surgery", "ocular-surface" ], "open_access_url": "https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/75de4fa7-7372-4961-930b-400710e5c01f", "oa_status": "green", "license": null, "pdf": null, "citations": 38, "sources": [ "openalex", "scholar" ], "openalex_id": "https://openalex.org/W2512648257", "url": "https://ericpazo.org/publications/2016-threshold-limit-of-postoperative-astigmatism-for/", "doi_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2016.05.007" } ]